矿区生态系统演变与修复模式研究  

Study on the evolution and restoration model of mining area ecosystem

作　　者：李云鹏 孔胃[1] 楚储 蔡永宁[1] LI Yunpeng;KONG Wei;CHU Chu;CAI Yongning(Jinan Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Institute,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市勘察测绘研究院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《中国矿业》2023年第1期60-66,共7页China Mining Magazine

摘　　要：矿产资源的开发利用活动造成矿区环境污染与生态破坏,影响矿区生态系统结构与功能的稳定性,明晰矿区生态系统的结构、功能和演变机理,对研究受损矿区生态系统的修复与重建具有重要意义。本文以矿区生态系统为研究对象,阐述矿区生态系统作为社会-经济-自然一体的复合型生态系统的内涵特征结构和功能。矿区生态系统具有复合性,人工性,开放性和能量、物质流动的特殊性等特征,能够在维持系统内部能量、物质、信息流动平衡的同时,与外部系统进行能量、物质、信息的交换。明确了煤矿区生态系统演变的2种类型,位于干旱或半干旱地区的矿区生态系统演变成荒漠或半荒漠生态系统、位于湿润或半湿润地区的矿区生态系统演变成水域或水陆共生生态系统;演变阶段可划分为原生态系统阶段、系统受损阶段、系统重建阶段以及系统动态平衡阶段等4个阶段。针对受损矿区生态系统的修复,提出3种修复模式:自然年恢复模式、辅助再生模式和生态重建模式。本文在总结矿区生态系统演变类型、演变阶段及演变过程的基础上,提出了针对矿区生态系统的修复模式,旨在为矿区生态系统提供科学、合理的修复和重建模式,人工正确诱导受损矿区生态系统的最终演替方向,确保矿区土地复垦与生态恢复重建的潜在风险最小化,从而促进矿区生态系统的动态平衡、合理再利用和可持续发展。The development and utilization of mineral resources in mining area causes environment pollution and ecology destroying,affects the stability of the structure and function of mining area ecosystem.It is of great significance to clarify the structure,function and evolution mechanism of mining area ecosystem for researching the restoration and reconstruction of the damaged mining area ecosystem.This paper takes the mining area ecosystem as the research object,describes the connotation,characteristics,structure and function of the mining area ecosystem as a social-economic-natural compound ecosystem.There are four characteristics:complex,artificial,open and special energy material flow of the mining area ecosystem.The mining area ecosystem can exchange energy,matter and information with the external system while maintaining the balance of internal energy,matter and information flow.Clears two evolution types of coal mining area ecosystem,one is that the mining area ecosystem located in arid or semi-arid area evolves into desert or semi-desert ecosystem,and the other is that the mining area ecosystem located in humid or semi-humid area evolved into water area or amphibious symbiotic ecosystem.Its evolution stages can be divided into original ecosystem stage,damaged stage,ecological reconstruction prototype stage and dynamic balance stage.Three restoration models of natural regeneration,assisted regeneration and reconstruction are proposed for ecological restoration in mining area.Based on the summary of the evolution types,evolution phases,and evolution process for mining area ecosystem,the restoration models of mining area ecosystem are put forward.The paper aims to provide a scientific and reasonable restoration and reconstruction models for the mining area ecosystem,artificially and correctly induce the final succession direction of the damaged mining area ecosystem,and ensure that the potential risks of land reclamation and ecological restoration and reconstruction in the mining area are minimized.Thus,it can pro

关 键 词：矿区生态系统 演变类型 演变阶段 演变过程 修复模式 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]