多介质工况下液压挖掘机斗杆动态特性分析  

Analysis on dynamic characteristics of bucket rod of hydraulic excavator in various medium modes

作　　者：吴玉文 吕彭民[2] 向清怡 WU Yuwen;LYU Pengmin;XIANG Qingyi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shaanxi Polytechnic Institute,Xianyang 712000,Shaanxi,China;School of Construction Machinery,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西工业职业技术学院机械工程学院,陕西咸阳712000 [2]长安大学工程机械学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《矿山机械》2022年第12期15-18,共4页Mining & Processing Equipment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAF07B02)。

摘　　要：为了定量分析实际挖掘工况下液压挖掘机斗杆的动态特性,以某中型液压挖掘机为样机,在4类典型作业介质下进行了实地挖掘试验,实测了工作装置液压缸压力和位移,从而计算出斗杆各铰点动载荷时间历程。利用该动态载荷,并基于瞬态动力学理论,采用完全法对斗杆进行了瞬态响应分析。结果显示,斗杆上大应力测点的位置及相应的动应力响应曲线与试验基本一致,表明瞬态动力学仿真方法具有一定的可靠性。另外,从瞬态动力学分析结果还可以看出斗杆在任意时刻、任意点位的力学特性。根据该结果,不仅能够判别实际挖掘过程中的斗杆动应力分布规律和危险点位置,还可以获得试验中未贴片位置的应力时间历程,为下一步研究提供可信的数据。本文所提方法为研究斗杆等关键零部件的动态特性提供了思路,也为其后续的设计改进提供了依据。In order to quantitatively analyze the dynamic characteristics of the bucket rod of the hydraulic excavator during actual excavation process, a medium-sized hydraulic excavator was taken as the prototype,and field excavation tests were carried out in four kinds of typical medium. The pressure and displacement of the hydraulic cylinder of the working device were measured, and the dynamic load time history of each hinge point of the bucket rod was calculated. After that, the transient response of the bucket rod was analyzed with the complete method based on the dynamic load and the transient dynamics theory. The results showed that the position of the large stress test points on the bucket rod and the corresponding dynamic stress response curves were basically consistent with the test, which indicated the transient dynamics simulation method was of some reliability. In addition, the transient dynamics analysis results indicated the mechanical characteristics of the bucket rod at any time and at any point. According to the results, not only the distribution laws of dynamic stress of the bucket rod and the positions of dangerous points during actual excavation process were identified,but also the stress time history at the location without strain gauge were obtained, which offered reliable data for further research. The proposed method not only provided ideas for studying the dynamic characteristics of key components such as the bucket rod, but also provided basis for its subsequent design improvement.

关 键 词：液压挖掘机 斗杆 瞬态动力学 动态特性 

分 类 号：TU422.22[建筑科学—岩土工程]