太阳能跟踪控制系统的设计与应用  

Design and Application of Solar Tracking Control System

作　　者：庄建铨 Zhuang Jianquan(Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College,Shantou,Guangdong 515000,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院,广东汕头515000

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2022年第11期231-234,共4页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

摘　　要：随着世界经济的高速发展,人类日益增加的能源需求导致传统化石资源不断减少,能源危机已成为人类不得不面对的问题。新能源(太阳能、风能等)的开发与利用,已成为当今世界各国探索与研究的热点课题。针对太阳光能分散、强度不稳定、受季节天气环境影响大,制约了太阳能的开发和利用的问题,从提高光能采集率的角度出发,进行了太阳能跟踪控制系统的设计与应用工作。首先,采用轨迹跟踪法对太阳运动轨迹进行建模,得到太阳的方位算法。接着,设计了系统的机械结构和电气控制,控制系统的PLC能在程序中结合建模所得算法算得太阳方位,并控制电气装置驱动机械结构运转,实现对电池板的方向、角度的调整。实验结果表明,相比于采用固定角度安装的电池板,太阳能跟踪控制系统能根据时间、地点自动调整太阳能电池板的方向、角度来跟踪太阳(实现电池板面与阳光直射方向相垂直),使电池板接收到尽可能多的太阳辐射,有效提高其输出功率,其综合输出功率是固定角度安装电池板的1.2倍以上。With the rapid development of the world economy,the increasing energy demand of mankind has led to the continuous reduction of traditional fossil resources.The energy crisis has become a problem that mankind has to face.The development and utilization of new energy(such as solar energy,wind energy,etc.)has become a hot topic of exploration and research all over the world.In view of the problems that the solar energy is scattered,the intensity is unstable and greatly affected by the seasonal weather environment,which restricts the development and utilization of solar energy,the design and application of solar tracking control system were carried out from the perspective of improving the light energy acquisition rate.Firstly,the trajectory of the sun was modeled by the trajectory tracking method,and the orientation algorithm of the sun was obtained.Then,the mechanical structure and electrical control of the system were designed,the PLC of the control system could calculate the solar orientation in the program combined with the modeling algorithm,and controlled the electrical device to drive the operation of the mechanical structure to realize the adjustment of the direction and angle of the battery board.The experimental results show that compared with the solar panels installed at a fixed angle,the solar tracking control system can automatically adjust the direction and angle of the solar panels according to the time and place to track the sun(realize that the panel surface is perpendicular to the direct sunlight direction),so that the solar panels can receive more solar radiation and effectively improve their output power,and its comprehensive output power is more than 1.2 times that of the solar panels installed at a fixed angle.

关 键 词：太阳能发电 跟踪控制系统 定位控制 PLC 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]