南京市中小学生2019—2021学年因病缺课监测分析  

Sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021

作　　者：杨月 叶盛 刘辉[1] 刘黎[1] YANG Yue;YE Sheng;LIU Hui;LIU Li(Department of School Health,Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing(210003),China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省南京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,210003

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2022年第12期1835-1838,1842,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的分析2019—2021学年南京市中小学生因病缺课情况,为进一步做好校园新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情和常见传染病预防工作提供参考。方法利用“江苏省学生健康监测系统”,收集并整理2019—2021学年南京市中小学生因病缺课监测数据,比较不同学年和学段学生因病缺课率,症状和病因构成以及时间分布。结果2019—2021学年南京市中小学生总体因病缺课率分别为0.25%,0.39%和0.73%(χ^(2)=392611.44,P<0.01);各学年小学因病缺课率均高于其他学段(χ^(2)值分别为47783.45,20935.07,13459.63,P值均<0.01)。各学年因病缺课症状构成排名前2位是发热和咳嗽,病因构成是感冒和胃肠道疾病。2021学年因意外伤害缺课排位有所上升,居缺课疾病排位第4。2019和2021学年因病缺课高峰均在11—12和3—4月,2020学年受新冠肺炎疫情影响第2高峰延至6月。结论南京市中小学生因病缺课率逐年上升,小学生是重点关注人群。呼吸道和胃肠道疾病是校内常见病预防重点,冬春季是流行高发期。加强因病缺课监测对新冠肺炎疫情常态化下校内常见传染病防控具有重要意义。Objective To understand the sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021,so as to provide evidence for infectious diseases prevention and control in school settings.Methods Data on sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing during 2019-2021 were collected through the Health Surveillance System of Students in Jiangsu.Descriptive analysis was conducted to compare the sickness absenteeism,symptoms and pathogeny,as well as time distribution among different terms and academic years.Results The overall sickness absenteeism during 2019-2021 were 0.25%,0.39%and 0.73%(χ^(2)=392611.44,P<0.01).The rate of sickness absenteeism in primary school was higher than that of middle schools across 2019 to 2021(χ^(2)=47783.45,20935.07,13459.63,P<0.01).The most common symptoms of sickness absenteeism were fever and cough.The leading cause of sickness absenteeism was influenza,followed by gastrointestinal diseases.In addition,unintentional injuries were currently the fourth leading cause.The peaks of absenteeism occurred during November to December and March to April in the 2019 and 2021.Due to the COVID-19 epidemic,the second peak in the 2020 academic year occurred in June.Conclusion The sickness absenteeism among primary and middle school students in Nanjing showed an increasing trend,and more attention should be paid to primary school students.Prevention efforts should focus on respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in schools,especially in winter and spring.It is of great significance to strengthen sickness absenteeism surveillance for future epidemic prevention and control in schools under normal conditions.

关 键 词：疾病 缺勤 人群监测 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G478[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R193[文化科学—教育学]