盐碱土壤修复菌剂的微生物筛选  

Microbial screening of saline-alkali soil remediation agents

作　　者：张咪 赵文静 赵亚男 王琦[2] 张丽霞 ZHANG Mi;ZHAO Wenjing;ZHAO Yanan;WANG Qi;ZHANG Lixia(Sino Green Agri-Biotech Co.Ltd,Beijing 102101,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中农绿康(北京)生物技术有限公司,北京102101 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第12期2622-2628,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京优秀青年工程师创新工作室项目。

摘　　要：为盐碱土壤修复菌剂提供菌种资源,本研究从盐碱地植物根际土壤中筛选具有促生耐盐碱、产胞外多糖、解磷、解钾等能力的芽孢杆菌,并通过形态、生理生化、分子鉴定确定菌株种类,通过向日葵盐碱地种植试验,考察耐盐碱芽孢杆菌发酵液对植物生长状况和土壤理化性质的影响。本研究从7株促生芽孢杆菌中筛选出两株耐盐碱、产胞外多糖、解磷、解钾的菌株B25、B43,经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌。在向日葵盐碱土壤种植试验中,增施土壤修复菌剂的处理比常规施肥株高、茎粗、盘粒重、结实率、产量分别增加1.53%、8.44%、7.23%、3.40%、12.37%;土壤pH降低0.4,有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别增加42.48%、15.04%、41.52%、31.13%,含盐量减少1.76%。巨大芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌具有较强的胞外多糖产生能力,在盐碱土壤中,促进向日葵生长和改良土壤的效果显著,可用于盐碱土壤改良菌剂的研制。In this study,salt and alkali resistant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were screened to provide high quality strains for the restoration of saline-alkali soils.The rhizosphere of saline-alkali plants was sampled to screen the strains with growth-promoting effect,saline-alkaline resistivity,ability to produce exopolysaccharides,and solubilize phosphate and potassium.The final strains were identified based on their morphology,physiology,and biochemistry.A sunflower experiment was carried out in saline-alkali soils to investigate whether the screened strains were effective.Plant growth and soil indexes were collected as indicators.B25 and B43 were screened and identified as Bacillus megateriumde Bary and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,respectively.In the sunflower experiment,the plant height,stem diameter,grain weight,seed setting rate,and yield of treatment group were higher than the control group by 1.53%,8.44%,7.23%,3.40%,and 12.37%,respectively.Soil pH was found to be lower by 0.4.The content of the organic matter,total nitrogen,and the available phosphorus and potassium in the soil were reported to be higher by 42.48%,15.04%,41.52%,and 31.13%,respectively.Salt content of the treatment group was lower by 1.76%.In conclusion,B25 and B43 have strong ability to produce exopolysaccharides,can promote sunflower growth,and repair saline-alkali soils,while also acting as good quality strains for saline-alkali soil remediation.

关 键 词：促生芽孢杆菌 盐碱土壤修复 胞外多糖 解磷 解钾 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]