西汉海昏侯刘贺墓出土铁兵器科学分析研究  

Scientific Analysis and Research of Iron Weapons Unearthed from the Tomb of Liu He,Marquis of Haihun in the Western Han Dynasty

作　　者：江晶 黄全胜[1] 李文欢 邹桂森 Jiang Jing;Huang Quansheng;Li Wenhuan;Zou Guisen

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学科技史与科技文化研究院 [2]江西省文物考古研究院

出　　处：《南方文物》2022年第5期219-229,共11页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：2022年广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2022241);广西自然科学基金(任务书编号:2020GXNSFAA297210);国家自然科学基金项目(51764004);广西民族大学引进人才科研启动项目(2020KJQD27)的研究成果。

摘　　要：利用扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、X射线荧光-光谱仪(ED-XRF)及金(矿)相显微镜等研究手段,对江西西汉海昏侯刘贺墓主墓藏椁武库当中出土的19件铁兵器进行金相显微组织观察、夹杂物形貌观察和成分检测分析。结果表明:海昏侯刘贺墓出土铁兵器主要为炒钢制品(12把长铁剑,2把环首铁刀,占比为73.68%)和少部分块炼渗碳钢制品(5把长铁剑,占比为26.32%),制作工艺以炒钢为主,块炼渗碳钢为辅,其中经过分析还发现了以炒钢为材料进行折叠锻打/叠加锻打的百炼钢工艺。表明至迟在西汉中期,钢铁冶金技术体系依然为块炼铁及块炼渗碳钢体系、生铁及生铁制钢体系共存,但体现为后者是主要制作工艺的发展趋势,此结果为研究该时期乃至中国古代钢铁冶金技术提供了新的资料,具有重要的意义。19 iron weapons unearthed from the main tomb of Marquis Liu He in the Western Han Dynasty in Jiangxi Province have been researched by using SEM-EDS,ED-XRF and metallographic analysis.The results show that the iron weapons are mainly puddling steel products,including 12 long iron swords and 2 iron ring-pommel knives,accounting for 73.68%.Meanwhile,5 long iron swords are made by carburized bloomery steel accounting for 26.32%.The production process is mainly to puddle steel,carburized bloomery steel is supplemented.The scientific analysis results also found that puddle steel as the material for folding forging or stacking forging multiple-refined steel process.The research show that at latest in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty,the iron and steel smelting technology system is still the coexistence of bloomery iron and carburized bloomery steel system and cast iron and cast iron steel making system,but the latter is the main trend of the development of production process.This result provides new data for the research of iron and steel metallurgy technology in this period and even in ancient China,which is of vital significance.

关 键 词：冶金考古 汉代铁兵器 炒钢 百炼钢 块炼渗碳钢 

分 类 号：K875.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234.1[历史地理—历史学]