芝麻连作土壤养分含量和酶活性的变化及其对芝麻发芽的影响  

Changes of Soil Nutrient Content and Enzyme Activity in Sesame Continuous Cropping Land and Their Effects on Sesame Germination

作　　者：崔彦芹 李思达 徐桂真[1] 侯少锋 关中波[1] 郭元章[1] CUI Yanqin;LI Sida;XU Guizhen;HOU Shaofeng;GUAN Zhongbo;GUO Yuanzhang(Institution of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding,Shijiazhuang 050035,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/河北省作物遗传育种实验室,石家庄050035

出　　处：《农学学报》2023年第1期21-25,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系“芝麻石家庄综合试验站”(CARS-14-2-01);河北省省级科技计划——农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项“芝麻绿色高质高效生产关键技术研发与应用”(20326408D);河北省农林科学院创新工程项目“突破性芝麻新品种选育及绿色高效栽培技术研究”(2022KJCXZX-LYS-16)。

摘　　要：连作障碍是影响芝麻生产的主要限制因素。为了探讨芝麻连作对土壤养分和酶活的影响,以及不同连作年限土壤浸提液对芝麻发芽的影响,本研究采用连续6年的定位小区试验,调查芝麻连作地土壤养分和酶活的变化,采用发芽试验分析土壤浸提液对芝麻种子发芽的影响。结果表明:芝麻连作会引起土壤养分和酶活整体的变化,而且各指标之间的变化具有显著的相互影响;连作1年的土壤养分、酶活、种子发芽率均与CK接近,连作3年时各指标均降至最低;土壤养分和酶活对芝麻的发芽率有显著的正向效应,脲酶和全磷的影响最大。本研究为了解芝麻连作对土壤的影响、优化芝麻栽培模式提供参考。Continuous cropping obstacle is the main limiting factor affecting sesame production.To explore the effects of sesame continuous cropping on soil nutrients and enzyme activities,as well as the effects of soil extracts from continuous cropping for different years on sesame seed germination,this study used a 6-year location plot experiment to investigate the changes of soil nutrients and enzyme activities in sesame continuous cropping land,and the germination test was used to analyze the effect of soil extracts on the germination of sesame seeds.The results showed that sesame continuous cropping could cause the overall changes of soil nutrients and enzyme activities,and the changes of various indexes had significant interaction.The soil nutrients,enzyme activities and seed germination rate of continuous cropping for 1 year were close to those of CK,and all indexes decreased to the lowest when the continuous cropping was for 3 years.Soil nutrients and enzyme activities had significantly positive effects on the germination rate of sesame,and urease and total phosphorus had the greatest effects.This study could provide reference for understanding the impact of sesame continuous cropping on soil and optimizing sesame cultivation model.

关 键 词：芝麻 连作 土壤养分 土壤酶活 芝麻发芽 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]