纳征与亲迎:明代婚姻确立的重要环节  

On Nazheng and Qinying:The Two Important Steps of the Establishment of Marriage in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李庆勇 LI Qing-yong(College of History,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学历史学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《长春师范大学学报》2023年第1期65-71,共7页Journal of Changchun Normal University

摘　　要：明代婚姻的确立要经过纳征与亲迎两个环节。纳征是婚姻的定立环节。明代品官与庶民的纳征礼仪基本相同,纳征的仪物体现出等级差别,纳征的聘礼体现出地区差异。婚书是纳征的书面凭证,是婚约的纸面化,对婚姻双方起约束作用,对婚姻过程起保障作用。纳征使男女双方的夫妻关系得以明确,夫妇之名得到初步确认,它是婚姻成立的前奏和准备,是对婚姻关系的明确与巩固。亲迎是婚姻的成立环节。明代亲迎的习俗丰富多彩,反映出亲迎在婚姻活动中的重要性。明代亲迎的习俗存在着变通性,新妇如何迎娶,并不固定,婚礼怎样用乐,也各随其便,反映出明代婚礼不拘传统的一面。亲迎使夫妇之名得到最终确认。经过纳征与亲迎,婚姻得以确立,新的家庭关系得以形成。In the Ming Dynasty,two steps had to be taken before a marriage was formally established,i.e.Nazheng(offering betrothal presents to the bride’s family)and Qinying(escorting the bride to the groom’s house).Both the governmental officials and the common people practiced similar procedures of Nazheng and Qinying at that time,though the presents of Nazheng indicated class and regional differences.A marriage certificate,a written document and bonding both the groom and the bride,served as a guarantee for the marriage.It stipulated the marital status of the husband and wife,and therefore was both the prerequisite for the establishment and guarantee for the maintaining of a marital relationship.Qinying was the step where the marriage was formally established.It was an important procedure of marriage and there were various customs of it in the Ming Dynasty.There was not one particular rule on the practices of Qinying,for example,on how the groom escorted the bride to his house,or on the music played during the wedding ceremony,which revealed the unconventionality feature of the marriage customs of the Ming Dynasty.Qinying formally established the martial status of the groom and bride.It is therefore concluded that Nazheng and Qinying were the steps to establish a marriage and accordingly a new familial relation in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 婚姻 纳征 亲迎 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]