蔡元培与中国现代大学的创建  

Cai Yuanpei and the Establishment of Modern University in China

作　　者：关爱和[1] Guan Aihe(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《长江学术》2023年第1期30-45,共16页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国文学学术现代化进程研究”(21&ZD263)。

摘　　要：建立中国国家大学的想法,始于戊戌变法之年。其后,国家大学的建设步履艰难。民国元年,蔡元培出任中华民国首任教育总长,制定了《大学令》,史称壬子学制。从1917年1月到1923年1月,蔡元培掌北京大学六年。六年间,蔡元培围绕《大学令》的基本框架,从课程、师资、运行、制度诸方面改革北京大学,使北京大学成为名副其实的国家大学。蔡元培提升北京大学现代品质的依据,一是熟谙多灾多难的国家民族急需,二是善于借鉴欧美大学的经验。把国家需要和欧美经验结合,走出一条中国大学的成长之路。蔡元培引导国家大学从“书院旧法”的张百熙时代、“中学渐为饰品,西学止于贩卖”的严复时代,走到了共同研究学问、循思想自由原则、行兼容并收主义的北京大学时代。北京大学在五四新文化运动的推动下,成为新思想新文化新学术的发源地。蔡元培努力将北大的成功与欧美大学的经验带入全国教育的布局,其国立与省立并举兴学强国的思想,在中国教育现代化的过程中,具有重大的理论与实践意义。而重审百余年前的这段历史,对当下中国教育现代化发展新的实践也具有参考意义。The idea of establishing the National University of China began in the year of the Reform Movement of1898. Since then, the development of national universities used to be difficult. In the first year of the Republic of China, Cai Yuanpei became the first Chief of Education of the Republic and formulated the known as the Renzi School System. From January 1917 to January 1923, Cai Yuanpei spent six years at Peking University, while he reformed Peking University in terms of curriculum, teachers, operation and system,centering on the basic framework of the both familiar with what a country deep in crisis needed urgently and skillful at learning from those advanced overseas universities, Cai Yuanpei kept improving the modern quality of Peking University. Thus, Cai Yuanpei promoted Chinese national university from the era of Zhang Baixi,“the old law of the academy”and the era of Yan Fu,“the middle school is gradually becoming an ornament, and western learning stops in selling”, to the era of Peking University characteristic of intellectual pursuits and scholarly progresses. Driven by the May 4th New Culture Movement,Peking University became the birthplace of new ideas, new cultures and new learning. Cai Yuanpei’s idea of building a strong country through both establishing national and provincial education system has great theoretical and practical significance in the process of China’s educational modernization.

关 键 词：蔡元培 现代大学 北京大学 新文化运动 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学] K25[文化科学—教育学]