结构、主体、经验:雷蒙·威廉斯“感觉结构”的理论困境与可能性  

Structure, Subjectivity, Experience:The Problem and Possibility of Raymond William’s “Structure of Feeling”

作　　者：陈湘静 CHEN Xiangjing

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院外国语言文学系

出　　处：《国外文学》2022年第4期1-11,共11页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“新时期初现实主义的基本美学问题研究”(项目编号:18YJC751052)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：雷蒙·威廉斯在发展“感觉结构”理论时,受到了包括利维斯、卢卡奇、葛兰西在内的多种思想传统的影响,由此产生了对于结构、主体、经验的丰富思考。一方面,他受到卢卡奇“总体化”思路的启发,强调看似孤立的私人经验的“结构性的”一面,突出“经验”的社会属性及集体实践的维度。另一方面,他对“感觉”和“经验”的强调不自觉地受到剑桥学派的影响,由此忽视了充满错位、断裂、空白的结构对个人主体的不可见性和被意识形态收编的危险。但是,威廉斯强调产生自“边缘地带”的“感觉”和“经验”无法被主导霸权充分收编的异质性和无法被语言穷尽的丰富潜能,从而留下了突破霸权的出口,为永不停息的社会斗争在未来某一刻的实现保留了可能性。When he developed his concept of “structure of feeling”, Raymond Williams was under the influence of multiple sources of postwar thoughts, including F. R. Leavis, Georg Lukacs and Antonio Gramsci, all of which greatly enriched his thinking about the issues of structure, subjectivity and experience. On the one hand, inspired by Lukacs’ theory of “totalizing”, he emphasizes the “structured” character of seemingly “private” experience, and highlights its social character and its potential for collective practice. On the other hand, his unreflective embrace of subjective “feeling” and “experience” is unconsciously shaped by Leavisian liberal humanism and fails to account for the dislocation of individual experience in a given structure and its possible subsumption by the dominant ideology. However, this conception also opens itself up to the more heterogeneous and diverse experience of the margins, which cannot be fully subsumed by the dominant ideology, and thus provides the possibility for the ongoing social struggle in the future.

关 键 词：感觉结构 经验 主体 雷蒙·威廉斯 

分 类 号：I05[文学—文学理论]