动车组撒砂装置振动规律及影响因素线路试验研究  

On-Track Test Research on Vibration Law and Influencing Factors of EMUs Sanding Device

作　　者：王文静[1,2] 董子钰 杨广雪[1,2] 张振先 李广全 WANG Wenjing;DONG Ziyu;YANG Guangxue;Zhang Zhenxian;LI Guangquan(Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing,Measuring and Control Technology,Ministry of Education,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学载运工具先进制造与测控技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [3]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第1期13-24,共12页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075032);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2021J003);高速轮轨与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室开放合作创新基金资助项目(2021YJ269)。

摘　　要：为探究动车组撒砂装置在实际运营条件下的振动疲劳特性,开展撒砂装置及构架端部的振动加速度和应力线路测试;研究不同运行线路、车轮镟修前后和不同速度工况下撒砂装置的振动和应力传递规律,分析轮轨激励影响;基于实测应力,计算疲劳关键点在1500万km应力谱下的疲劳损伤。结果表明:撒砂装置及构架端部的垂向振动水平最高;京广线某区间撒砂装置的垂向振动加速度和应力能量峰值均约为广深线某区间的3.8倍;镟轮后撒砂装置的振动加速度和构架端部应力能量峰值可分别降低约67%和68%;撒砂装置振动加速度和应力较高的主要原因为轨道板周期性不平顺冲击,主频约为66.9 Hz,与轨道板冲击振动频率和结构的1阶固有频率相近;基于某线路区间应力数据获得的构架端部焊缝测点1500万km损伤大于1,若动车组长期在该恶劣工况下运行,结构将可能出现振动疲劳失效。To investigate the vibration and fatigue characteristics of the sanding device of EMUs under actual operating conditions,vibration acceleration and stress path tests of the sanding device and the frame end were carried out;the vibration and stress transfer laws of the sanding device for different operating lines,before and after wheel reprofiling and operating conditions with different speeds were studied;and the influence of wheelrail excitation was analyzed.Based on the measured stresses,the fatigue damage of the key fatigue points under the 15 million km stress spectrum was calculated.The results show that the vertical vibration level of the sanding device and the frame end is the highest.The vertical vibration acceleration and the peak stress energy of the sanding device in a section of the Beijing-Guangzhou line are approximately 3.8 times of that in a section of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen line.The vibration acceleration of the sanding device and the peak stress energy of the frame end can be reduced by approximately 67%and 68%after wheel reprofiling,respectively.The main reason for the high vibration acceleration and stress of the sanding device is the periodic irregularity impact from the track slab.Its main frequency is approximately 66.9 Hz,which is close to the impact vibration frequency of the track slab and the first-order natural frequency of the structure.Based on the stress data obtained from a certain line section,the damage of the frame end welds in the 15 million km test is found to be greater than 1,indicating that the structure will likely experience vibration fatigue failure if it continues to be in long-term operation under such severe conditions.

关 键 词：动车组 撒砂装置 线路试验 振动加速度 应力 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]