塔里木盆地超深层走滑断裂带的地震识别方法  

Seismic identification method of ultra-deep strikeslip fault zones in Tarim Basin

作　　者：李相文 李景叶[2,3] 刘永雷 陶春峰 张亮亮 张冠卿 LI Xiangwen;LI Jingye;LIU Yonglei;TAO Chunfeng;ZHANG Liangliang;ZHANG Guanqing(Geophysical Research Institute of BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072750,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;CNPC Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Geophysical Research&Development Center of BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072750,China)

机构地区：[1]东方地球物理公司研究院,河北涿州072751 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249 [4]东方地球物理公司物探技术研究中心,河北涿州072750

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2022年第6期1418-1426,I0007,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“时移地震约束油藏动态表征理论与方法研究”(41774129);“基于散射理论面向储层的叠前地震波形反演理论与方法”(41774131);国家重点研发计划项目“非常规油气地震波探测中规模数据的工业化应用”(2020YFA0713404)联合资助。

摘　　要：超深层(深度为7500~9000m)走滑断裂带是塔里木盆地重要的油气富集带之一。超深层非均质储层的形成与走滑断裂的改造作用及溶蚀作用密切相关。走滑断裂带呈能量不一、杂乱的地震反射特征。如何准确识别超深层致密灰岩中的走滑断裂带,是提升油田产能亟需解决的问题之一。为此,提出一种超深层走滑断裂带地震识别的组合方法。首先,引入地层倾角扫描结果,构建一个基于地震倾角数据的横向平滑滤波器,对原始地震数据实施横向平滑滤波,获取具有局部地层背景特征的横向趋势数据;然后,计算该地层能量背景横向趋势数据与原始地震数据的残差,得到走滑断裂带增强响应的数据,进而指导走滑断裂带的识别。模型试验及实际资料应用均表明,应用该方法处理后的地震数据对非均质地质体的分辨能力有明显提升,可有效识别不同尺度断裂,并能够分辨被淹没在地层能量背景下的缝洞体。该方法适用性强,对类似地质体识别具有推广价值。The ultra-deep(7500-9000m)strike-slip fault zones(SFZs)are the important oil and gas enrichment zones in the Tarim Basin.The formation of ultra-deep heterogeneous reservoirs is closely related to the reformation and dissolution of SFZs,and SFZs are characterized by disordered seismic reflections with different energy.How to accurately identify SFZs in the ultra-deep tight limestone is one of the problems that need to be solved for higher productivity of oilfields.Therefore,a combined method for seismic identification of ultradeep SFZs is proposed.Firstly,a transverse smoothing filter based on the seismic dip angle data is constructed by the introduction of the scanning results of formation dip angles,and the transverse smoothing filter is applied to the original seismic data to obtain the transverse trend data with local stratigraphic background characteristics.Then,the residual between the transverse trend data of the formation energy background and the original seismic data is calculated,and the enhanced response data of SFZs is finally obtained,which can guide the identification of SFZs.The model test and practical data application show that the seismic data produced by this method has significantly higher discrimination of heterogeneous geological bodies,which can effectively identify faults of different scales and distinguish fractures and cavities submerged in the background of formation energy.This method has strong applicability and is worth popularizing for the identification of similar geolo-gical bodies.

关 键 词：塔里木盆地 超深层 走滑断裂带 横向平滑滤波器 富满油田 地震识别 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]