全株小麦青贮在动物生产中的应用及前景  

Application and prospect of whole crop wheat silage in animal production

作　　者：孙浩 卢家顶 史莹华[1,2,3] 王成章 SUN Hao;LU Jiading;SHI Yinghua;WANG Chengzhang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Henan Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学动物科技学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省草地资源创新与利用重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [3]河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第11期2453-2465,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001393);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：小麦(Triticum aestivum)是三大粮食作物之一,在保障口粮供给方面起着举足轻重的作用,也是饲料粮的重要补充。2021年局部地区自然灾害的发生,造成了玉米(Zea mays)大面积减产以及饲草收贮不足等问题,全株小麦青贮成为受灾地区春季反刍动物饲料的有效补充。本研究通过归纳演绎法对全株小麦青贮的应用现状、营养特性、饲喂价值以及在动物生产中的应用比较分析,结果表明:我国小麦生产主要以籽实收获为主,全株小麦青贮的应用并不广泛,仅在青贮玉米等优质饲草紧张的地区,通过全株小麦青贮加工调制来补充奶牛、肉牛、肉羊及生猪等牲畜饲草的不足。且与常规饲料作物相比,全株小麦青贮存在生物学产量低、青贮前后营养品质差、反刍动物饲喂效果不良以及经济效益低等问题,并不利于大面积推广应用。但在我国饲料资源匮乏的南方地区,可以利用冬闲田进行全株小麦青贮生产,用以缓解当地饲草不足等问题。本研究结合当前“小麦青贮事件”引发的人畜争粮问题,从政府、社会和企业3个层面进行分析,为饲草产业科学统筹、合理布局提供一定的参考和借鉴。Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the three major grain crops,which plays an important role in ensuring the supply of rations and is also an important supplement to feed grains.The occurrence of natural disasters in some areas caused the reduction of a large area of corn(Zea mays)production and insufficient forage collection and storage in 2021.Consequently,whole wheat silage has become an organic supplement to ruminant feed in spring in the affected areas.In this study,a comparative analysis is conducted on the application status,nutritional characteristics,and feeding value and application in animal production of whole plant wheat silage through induction and deduction.The results show that the wheat production in China is mainly based on seed harvest,and the application of whole plant wheat silage is not extensive,limited to areas with a shortage of high-quality forage such as corn silage,cows,beef cattle,and inadequate forage for livestock such as mutton,sheep,and pigs.Compared with conventional feed crops,whole plant wheat silage has low biological yield,poor nutritional quality before and after silage,poor feeding effect of ruminants,and low economic benefits,which are not conducive to large-scale popularization and application.However,in the south of China,where feed resources are scarce,winter fallow fields can be used for whole plant wheat silage production to alleviate the shortage of local forage.This study analyzes the problem of people and livestock competing for food caused by the current“wheat silage incident”to provide some reference for the three levels of government,society,and enterprises for scientific planning and reasonable layout of the forage industry.

关 键 词：小麦青贮 生物学产量 营养价值 饲喂效果 经济效益 应用前景 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]