唐宋版刻字体之来源——兼论南宋闽刻本之字体风格  

On the Origin of the Typeface of Tang and Song Woodblock Printing and the Style of the Typeface of Fujian Editions in Southern Song Dynasty

作　　者：韦胤宗 Yinzong WEI(the College of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《印刷文化（中英文）》2022年第4期28-45,共18页Print Culture

摘　　要：魏晋南北朝时期,四部典籍、佛道经书都开始大量涌现,经籍抄写之体式、制度渐趋完备,并形成“写经体”这一特定的抄写字体,隋唐写经体楷法大备,称为“官楷”,并广为流行,形成全国书手书写之惯用字样,影响延续至宋以后。唐代中晚期雕版初兴之时,因书工多习写经体,故早期版刻字体,特别是坊刻本字体,实则多为写经体刊刻后所呈现之样貌。南宋闽刻本之字体风格并非为目前版本学界所称之颜体、柳体或瘦金体,而是隋唐写经体在刻本中之延续;江西、安徽乃至于北方平水等地之刻本字体或与闽本同源,或受闽本影响,是写经体及其变体。五代两宋监本因源自唐石经,字体遂袭用石经之欧虞体,在其影响之下,两宋浙刻本形成后人所称的版刻欧体字。With an increasing number of manuscripts,especially Buddhist classics,emerging from the Wei to Sui dynasties,the forms and regulations for copying classical texts were well established and a new writing style that was called xiejingti(写经体)gradually came into being.In the Sui and early Tang period,the standardized xiejingti,called guankai(官楷),was employed by scribes all over the empire.Its immense influence continued after the Song Dynasty.At the beginning of the printing age in the late Tang and Five Dynasties,most(if not all)of the printers,especially commercial printers,would employ the writing style of guankai,because most scribes at that time used this style.The earliest typefaces were essentially a carved form of xiejingti.The typefaces of Fujian editions of the Southern Song Dynasty also came from the xiejingti,rather than Yan style(颜体),Liu style(柳体)or Shoujin style(瘦金体)as some scholars argued.The typefaces used for block-printed books in Jiangxi,Anhui,Pingshui and other regions were either variants of the xiejingti or imitations of the Fujian editions.The Confucian Classics printed by the Imperial College in the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty originated from the Stone Classics carved in the Tang Dynasty,and hence the typeface inherited that of the Stone Classics in Ou style(欧体).Under this influence,the typefaces of the Zhejiang editions were mostly in the Ou style.

关 键 词：版刻字体 写经体 闽刻本字体 欧体 

分 类 号：TS80[轻工技术与工程]