启蒙的反思:论果戈理的“启蒙”思想  

On Gogol’s Thought of “Enlightenment”

作　　者：胡颖 Hu Ying(Department of Russian,Peking University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《外国文学》2023年第1期73-84,共12页Foreign Literature

摘　　要：“启蒙”观是果戈理思想体系中占据重要地位但阐释模糊的领域。果戈理对于“просвещение”这一俄语多义概念的特殊理解强调“启蒙”与正教之“光”的紧密联系,他的“以信仰启蒙”的思想与欧洲启蒙运动的“以理性启蒙”不仅存在着根本上的区别,更是几乎背道而驰。果戈理立足于彼得改革后的俄国现实,反对唯科学理性至上、怀疑和否定宗教启示的启蒙运动和启蒙思想,认为相较于绝对本体赐予的智慧而言,低层次的智力和理性不应为人所自满;相较于通过科学教育实现的世俗启蒙而言,通过宗教道德实现的精神启蒙才是一切之根本。果戈理的启蒙观实质上是具有反启蒙主义性质的。The view of"enlightenment"is an important but ambiguously interpreted area of Gogol's thought system.Gogol's particular understanding of the Russian polysemous concept of"просвещение"emphasizes the close connection between the enlightenment and the"light"of Orthodoxy.His idea of"enlightenment by faith"is not only fundamentally different from the"enlightenment by reason"of the European Enlightenment,but almost contrary to it.Considering the realities of Russia after the reforms of Peter the Great,Gogol opposed the Enlightenment that were based on the supremacy of reason and the skepticism of religious revelation.He believed that the lower levels of intellect and reason could not be compared to the wisdom bestowed by the Absolute Being,and that spiritual enlightenment through religious morality was the true foundation,rather than secular enlightenment through scientific education.Gogol's view of enlightenment is essentially counter-Enlightenment.

关 键 词：果戈理 启蒙 反启蒙 《与友人书简选》 

分 类 号：I512[文学—其他各国文学]