基于建筑聚类的“集中-分散”组合式太阳能供暖系统设计优化研究  

Study on Design Optimization of "Central-Decentralized" combined Solar Heating System based on Building Cluster

作　　者：冯平安 胡德泽 穆婷 张思远 FENG Ping'an;HU Deze;MU Ting;ZHANG Siyuan(Shaanxi Coal Power Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710065,China;Xi'an University of Architecture&Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]陕煤电力集团有限公司,西安710065 [2]西安建筑科技大学,西安710055 [3]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065

出　　处：《西北水电》2022年第6期160-167,共8页Northwest Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52008328)。

摘　　要：农村地区冬季供暖需求大而太阳能资源丰富,利用太阳能供暖是解决当地取暖问题的有效方式。农村建筑布局分散,大范围集中供暖难以适用,可通过建立“集中-分散”组合式太阳能供暖系统实现系统技术性与经济性的最优化。通过利用密度聚类方法调节参数,对建筑群进行聚类以得到多种聚类方案,针对每个分散建筑集群建立求解以系统全生命周期成本最低为目标的集中型太阳能供暖系统设计优化模型,分析不同管道价格对于最优聚类方案选择的影响。结果表明:建筑集群数量的增加导致“集中-分散”组合式太阳能供暖系统总管道长度逐渐较小,总集热器面积逐渐增加,总水箱体积与总燃气锅炉额定功率呈现先减少、后增加的变化趋势;“集中-分散”组合式太阳能供暖系统全生命周期成本变化趋势与系统中供热管道成本变化趋势一致,供热管道价格对于最优建筑集群划分具有显著影响;可通过管道价格阈值判断是否需要进行“集中-分散”组合式太阳能供暖系统设计:当管道价格高于阈值,无需进行建筑聚类,采取完全分散的单户式太阳能供暖最为经济;当管道价格低于阈值,需要在不同聚类方案下对区域整体太阳能供暖系统进行优化设计,以确定最优建筑聚类方案。Rural areas have large winter heating demand and abundant solar energy resources, and the use of solar energy heating is an effective way to solve local heating problems.In view of the scattered layout of rural buildings, large-scale central heating is difficult to apply, and the technical and economic optimization of the system can be achieved by establishing a “central-decentralized” combined solar heating system.By using the density clustering method to adjust the parameters, the building groups are clustered to obtain a variety of clustering schemes, and a centralized solar heating system design optimization model with the goal of the lowest system life cycle cost is established for each scattered building cluster, and the influence of different pipe prices on the selection of optimal clustering scheme is analyzed.The results show that the increase of the number of building clusters leads to the gradual reduction of the total pipe length of the “central-decentralized” combined solar heating system, the gradual increase of the total collector area, and the total water tank volume and the total gas boiler rated power show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The trend of the whole life cycle cost of the “central-decentralized” combined solar heating system is consistent with the cost trend of the heating pipe in the system, and the price of the heating pipe has a significant impact on the optimal building cluster division.The pipeline price threshold can determine whether the “centralized-decentralized” combined solar heating system design is required: when the pipe price is higher than the threshold, there is no need for building clustering, and it is most economical to adopt completely decentralized single-family solar heating;when the pipe price is below the threshold, it is necessary to optimize the design of the overall solar heating system in the area under different clustering schemes to determine the optimal building clustering scheme.

关 键 词：密度聚类 最小生成树 太阳能供暖系统 系统优化 遗传算法 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理] TK519