冬油菜在陇中旱农区的适应性及抗风蚀效应  

Adaptability and Wind Erosion Resistance of Winter Rapeseed in Semi-arid Area of Central Gansu

作　　者：康云强 李玲玲[1] 谢军红[1] 张健 杜常亮 ZECHARIAH Effah KANG Yunqiang;LI Lingling;XIE Junhong;ZHANG Jian;DU Changliang;ZECHARIAH Effah(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science(Gansu Agricultural University)/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)/甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第1期31-36,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“陇中黄土丘陵马铃薯改土培肥与绿色增产技术集成与示范”(2021YFD190070403);国家自然基金“旱农区长期免耕和秸秆还田影响土壤质量和碳排放的微生物响应机理”(31761143004);甘肃省教育厅双一流重大科研项目“旱区种养循环绿色提质关键技术创新与集成推广”(GSSYLXM-02);甘肃省科技计划项目“耕作方法对旱作覆膜玉米农田碳固存与排放的微生物调控机制”(20JR5RA003)。

摘　　要：为探究不同品种冬油菜在陇中旱农区的适应性及抗风蚀效应,以6种冬油菜(白菜型冬油菜‘HN12PZ16-2’‘、HN12PZ16-65’和‘平试8’,甘蓝型冬油菜‘QL-GAU-201’‘、QL-GAU-196’和‘低(1)-19’)为研究对象,具体分析其在陇中地区的越冬率、防风蚀效应、产量及含油量。结果表明,白菜型油菜由于冬前根冠比显著高于甘蓝型油菜,越冬存活率显著高于甘蓝型油菜,‘HN12PZ16-65’越冬率最高,达88.33%。白菜型油菜由于较高的株高和千粒重,产量和含油量显著高于甘蓝型油菜‘,HN12PZ16-65’产量(2937.00 kg/hm2)和含油量(43.67%)均最高。冬油菜冬前干物质积累量高,提高了农田起动风速,显著降低农田风蚀量,6个冬油菜品种农田土壤风蚀量较露地下降了88.77%~92.79%。因此‘,HN12PZ16-65’在陇中地区有较强的抗旱性,越冬率高,产量和含油量好,适应性好,且具有良好的防风蚀效应,适于陇中旱农区防风蚀越冬栽培。To explore the adaptability and wind erosion resistance of different varieties of winter rapeseed in semi-arid agricultural areas of central Gansu,six winter rapeseed varieties(winter Brassica rapa‘HN12PZ16-2’‘,HN12PZ16-65’and‘Pingshi 8’,winter Brassica napus‘QL-GAU-201’‘,QL-GAU-196’and‘Low(1)-19’)were selected as the research objects,and their overwintering rate,wind erosion resistance,yield and oil content were analyzed in detail.The results showed that,the root-shoot ratio of winter Brassica rapa was significantly higher than that of winter Brassica napus before winter,and the overwintering survival rate was also significantly higher than that of winter Brassica napus.The overwintering rate of‘HN12PZ16-65’was the highest,reaching 88.33%.The yield and oil content of winter Brassica rapa were significantly higher than those of winter Brassica napus due to high plant height and 1000-grain weight,and the yield(2937.00 kg/hm2)and oil content(43.67%)of‘HN12PZ16-65’were the highest.The dry matter accumulation of winter rapeseed was high before winter,which increased the starting wind speed of farmland and significantly reduced the wind erosion of farmland.The wind erosion of farmland soil of the six winter rapeseed varieties decreased by 88.77%-92.79%compared with that of the open field.Therefore,‘HN12PZ16-65’has strong drought resistance,high overwintering rate,high yield and oil content,good adaptability and good wind erosion resistance in central Gansu,which is suitable for wind erosion wintering cultivation in semi-arid agricultural areas.

关 键 词：冬油菜 适应性 防风蚀效应 越冬率 含油量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S332.5