借瘟疫之名:1900年旧金山唐人街“鼠疫事件”中的排华风潮  

In the Name of the Plague——Exclusion of the Ethnic Chinese during the Plague Epidemic in San Francisco’s Chinatown in 1900

作　　者：李永 Yong Li

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学教育学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《世界民族》2022年第6期114-124,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“‘西方之乱’中的种族、民族主义回溯及其应对之策研究”(项目编号:20AMZ013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：受世界第三次鼠疫流行影响,1900年3月旧金山唐人街发现“疑似”鼠疫病例。以旧金山卫生局为首的白人排外主义者,以疫情为客观“依据”,借助医学话语塑造华人是“鼠疫传播者”,诬告唐人街是“鼠疫窝点”,并且两次隔离华埠进行强制防疫,甚至意图迫迁华人以获取经济利益。面对隔离、污名化、威胁等一系列偏见,旧金山华人社会在揭露当局排华歧视、戳穿瘟疫谎言的同时,积极推进卫生变革,并诉诸法律维护自身权益。这次“鼠疫事件”是种族歧视延伸到公共卫生领域的典型案例,亦突显了长期以来美国社会对华人“不卫生”形象的塑造以及社会高涨的排外思潮,其余毒至今依然残存。Affected by the third plague epidemic of the world, a “suspected” case of plague was found in San Francisco’s Chinatown in March 1900. White xenophobes led by the San Francisco Health Bureau, taking the epidemic situation as an objective “basis”, made use of medical discourse to characterize the ethnic Chinese as “plague disseminators”, falsely accused Chinatown of being the “plague center”, twice quarantined Chinatown for compulsory epidemic prevention, and even intended to force the ethnic Chinese to move out in order to obtain economic benefits. In the face of a series of prejudices such as isolation, stigmatization and threats, the Chinese community in San Francisco exposed the authorities’ anti-Chinese discrimination, debunked the lie of the plague, actively promoted the health reform, and resorted to law to safeguard their own rights and interests. This “plague incident” is a typical case of the extension of racial discrimination to the field of public health, highlighting the long-term efforts of American society to stigmatize the ethnic Chinese as “unhygienic” and the rising trend of social exclusion, whose poisonous effect is still lingering today.

关 键 词：旧金山华人 鼠疫 种族歧视 排华运动 中华会馆 

分 类 号：R-09[医药卫生] K712.5[历史地理—历史学] D066[历史地理—世界史] D829.712[政治法律—政治学]