Pt单原子催化剂的构建和应用  

Construction and application of Pt single-atom catalysts

作　　者：张敏 魏娟娟 欧阳津[1] 那娜[1] ZHANG Min;WEI Juanjuan;OUYANG Jin;NA Na(Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]放射性药物教育部重点实验室,北京师范大学化学学院,北京1000875 [2]宁夏师范学院化学化工学院,固原756000

出　　处：《分析试验室》2022年第12期1400-1410,共11页Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22274012,21974010,21874012);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1805600);宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC03321)资助。

摘　　要：不同于纳米和亚纳米催化,单原子催化在负载极低金属含量的同时能极大地提高金属原子的利用率,具有更优越的催化性能。单原子催化剂(SACs)是一种特殊的负载型金属催化剂,指载体上的所有金属组分都以单原子分散的形式存在。当催化剂的尺寸是单原子级别时,其原子利用率达到了百分百,此时其能级结构、电子结构会发生根本性变化,表面自由能急剧增大,催化活性随之增加;但孤立的金属单原子容易聚集导致催化活性下降,因此能锚定单原子的载体尤为重要。载体既可以起到固定单原子的作用,又可以协同单原子提高反应催化活性,是催化领域的研究前沿。本文基于Pt单原子催化剂具有贵金属用量少、活性高、稳定性好、金属-载体相互作用强等优点,介绍了Pt单原子的几种载体,包括氧化物材料,有机金属框架(MOF)材料,碳基材料以及其他材料。对Pt单原子的表征方法以及Pt单原子催化剂在电催化析氢反应(HER),氧还原反应(ORR),CO氧化及其他方面的应用进行了概述,对Pt单原子材料的发展趋势进行了展望。Different from nano and sub-nano catalysts,single-atom catalysts can greatly improve the utilization rate of metal atoms with better catalytic performance,while very low content of metal was loaded.Single-atom catalysts are special metal supported catalysts that contain all metal components in the form of single atom dispersion.When the size of the catalyst is at a single atomic level,the atom utilization could reach 100%,which would dramatically change the energy levels and electronic structures.The surface free energy therefore would dramatically increase to exhibit enhanced catalytic activities.However,the isolated metal single atoms tend to aggregate,leading to the decrease of the catalytic activities.Therefore,the anchoring of carriers to load atoms becomes particularly important.The carriers can not only fix the single atom,but also help to improve the catalytic activity of single atom catalysts,which is the advanced fields of catalysis.Herein,given the advantages of low loadings,high activities,good stabilities and strong metal-support interaction,several carriers of Pt singleatom were mainly reviewed,including oxide materials,MOF materials,and carbon-based materials.In addition,the characterization method for Pt single-atoms and the applications of Pt single-atom catalysts in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO oxidation and other fields are also summarized,the development trend of Pt single-atom materials is prospected.

关 键 词：Pt单原子催化剂 载体 电催化析氢反应 氧还原反应 CO氧化 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学] X832[理学—化学]