双寡头有限理性市场中碳配额交易制度与碳税制度的比较  

Comparison of Carbon Quota Trading System and Carbon Tax System in Duopoly Limited Rational Market

作　　者：常娱 Chang Yu(School of Accounting,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》2022年第6期31-42,共12页Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：2021年7月中国形成了全国性的碳配额交易市场。根据国际经验以及中国政府的规划,中国预计下一步将引入碳税制度。未来碳市场与碳税制度将同时推进。那么何种情形应优先采用碳市场制度,何种情形应优先采用碳税制度,值得讨论。本文建立可多次重复博弈的寡头市场模型,比较碳市场制度下与碳税制度下的博弈均衡点。经分析发现在双寡头、有限理性、价格缺乏弹性的情形下,若能参照碳市场的出清价格设定碳税价格,则碳市场制度和碳税制度可达到同样的减排效果。根据该发现,若某地区已存在价格缺乏弹性且寡头垄断的区域性碳市场,在对未纳入碳市场的排放源使用碳税制度进行管理时,应参照碳市场所形成的的市场出清碳价格,来制定碳税价格。且可考虑打破寡头垄断以提升减排效率,或解散碳市场改用碳税制度进行管理以节约管理成本。对于尚未引入碳定价体系的地区,若预计可能形成寡头垄断且缺乏价格弹性的碳市场,考虑到碳税制度的政府管理成本和企业经营风险较低、覆盖面较广,该地区应优先采用碳税制度。In July 2021,China formed a national carbon allowance trading market.According to international experience and the planning of the Chinese government,China expected to next introduce a carbon tax system.In the future,the carbon market and carbon tax system will be advanced simultaneously.So it is worth discussing in which circumstances should give priority to the carbon market system and in which circumstances should give priority to the carbon tax system.This paper establishes an oligopoly market model that can repeat the game many times and compare the game equilibrium points between the carbon trading system and the carbon tax system.After analysis,it is found that in the case of duopoly,bounded rationalities,and inelastic price,if the carbon tax price can be set with reference to the clearing price of the carbon market,the carbon trading system and the carbon tax system can achieve the same emission reduction effect.In the light of this finding,if a regional carbon market with inelastic price and oligopoly has already existed in a certain region,the carbon tax price shall be determined by reference to the market clearing carbon price formed in the carbon market when managing the use of the carbon tax system for the emission sources which are not included in the carbon market.In addition,breaking oligopoly to improve emission reduction efficiency or disbanding the carbon market and replacing it with carbon tax system to save management cost can be taken into consideration.For regions that have not yet introduced a carbon pricing system,if an oligopoly and price-inelastic carbon market is expected to form,considering the carbon tax system's low government management costs,low business operating risks,and wide coverage,the region should give priority to carbon tax system.

关 键 词：碳配额 碳税 双寡头 重复博弈 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]