幽门螺杆菌检测手段的应用与研究进展  

Application and research progress of Helicobacter pylori detection methods

作　　者：刘贺 王璐璐 LIU He;WANG Lulu(The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医学科学院·广西壮族自治区人民医院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《健康体检与管理》2023年第1期54-59,共6页Journal of Health Examination and Management

基　　金：广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(Z20201318)。

摘　　要：幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是一种在胃黏膜上发现的革兰氏阴性螺旋杆菌,它广泛分布在世界各地,感染了世界上50%以上的人口,尤其是在发展中国家的人群中高达80%,发达国家约为40%。Hp感染与一些消化道疾病密切相关,同时还可引起心血管系统、血液系统及神经系统等疾病。通过早期诊断和根除幽门螺杆菌感染可以预防和控制这些疾病。目前用于检测幽门螺杆菌的方法相对较多,主要分为侵入性检测与非侵入性检测。侵入性检测主要通过上消化道内窥镜取胃黏膜活检,经过幽门螺旋杆菌培养、快速尿素酶实验以及病理组织学、分子检测等手段得到结论。尿素呼气试验和血清抗体检测是目前较常用的非侵入性检测。不同检测手段各有其特点,总体而言,在选择幽门螺杆菌检测方法时,应考虑检测的特异性、敏感性、成本、有效性和局限性。Helicobacter pylori(Hp)is a gram-negative helicobacter found on the gastric mucosa,which is widely distributed around the world and infects more than 50%of the world's population,especially in developing countries up to 80%of the population,and about 40%in developed countries.HP infection is closely related to some digestive tract diseases,and can also cause diseases such as cardiovascular system,blood system and nervous system.These diseases can be prevented and controlled through early diagnosis and eradication of H.pylori infection.At present,there are relatively many methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori,which are mainly divided into invasive detection and non-invasive detection.Invasive detection is mainly through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to take gastric mucosal biopsy,and the conclusion is obtained by means of culture,rapid urease test,histopathology and molecular detection.Urea breath test and serology are the most commonly used non-invasive tests.Different detection methods have their own characteristics.In general,when selecting a detection method for Helicobacter pylori,the specificity,sensitivity,cost,effectiveness and limitations of the detection should be considered.

关 键 词：幽门螺杆菌 侵入与非侵入性检测 诊断 尿素呼气试验 

分 类 号：R573.3[医药卫生—消化系统]