中国土壤锌的区域环境基准建立及生态风险评价初探  

Preliminary study on regional environmental benchmarking and ecological risk assessment of zinc in Chinese soils

作　　者：钱雨欣 李志美 陈艳楠 何伟 徐福留[2] QIAN Yu-xin;LI Zhi-mei;CHEN Yan-nan;HE Wei;XU Fu-liu(School of Water Resources and Environment,China University of Geoscience Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《环境生态学》2023年第1期23-34,共12页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177201);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8202042);中央高校基本科研业务费(265QZ2021004);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202111415042)资助。

摘　　要：土壤环境保护是生态文明建设的重要组成部分之一,考虑到土壤理化性质具有高度的空间变异性,中国现行土壤环境保护与管理采用全国统一的标准值,难以实现新时代生态文明建设过程中的土壤生态风险管控,亟须建立区域化、精细化的土壤环境基准。通过聚焦于典型化学胁迫因子锌,利用土壤酸碱度、有机碳和阳离子交换量与锌生态阈值之间的量化关系,估算中国省级区域不同土地利用类型土壤中锌的环境基准值。继而结合中国土壤中锌的环境浓度,评估现行标准的误估程度与区域适用性。研究表明:1)不同省级区域土壤中锌的环境基准值存在明显差异,中国西部地区及东北地区土壤锌环境基准值偏高,南部省级区域土壤锌环境基准值偏低;2)采取现行环境标准评估农林用地土壤锌风险时存在误估的可能性;3)我国长江以南地区土壤锌污染风险普遍高于长江以北地区;4)现行标准的区域适用性较弱,制定区域性土壤锌环境标准的需求十分迫切。该研究为建立中国土壤锌环境区域标准、实现土壤风险精准管控提供了科学依据与理论指导。The soil environmental protection plays an important role in the development of ecological civilization.Considering the high spatial heterogeneity of the physical and chemical properties of China’s soils, it is hard to regulate and control the ecological risky factors of the soil using a national and unified criteria throughout China during the development of ecological civilization in the “new era”.Therefore, it is urgent to build regional and accurate soil environmental criteria.The present study focused on zinc, a typical chemical stress factor, and employed the quantitative relationship between acidity, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and zinc ecological threshold to estimate the environmental benchmark of zinc in soils from different land use types in provincial regions of China.Then we assessed the misestimation level of current criteria of zinc in soil as well as their regional applicability, by combining with the environmental concentration of zinc in Chinese soils.The results showed that:(1)Regional differences in the environmental criteria of zinc indicated the areas with high environmental benchmark values mainly distributed in the west and northeast of China, and the areas with low environmental benchmark values distributed in the south of China;(2)The ecological risks of zinc in agricultural and forestry areas were underestimated using the current standard values;(3)The risk of soil zinc pollution in the south of the Yangtze River was generally higher than that in the north;(4)The regional applicability of the current standard was insufficient, and it is urgent to develop regional environmental standard of zinc in soil.This study will facilitate to provide scientific and theoretical basis for the establishment of regional soil environmental standard for zinc and the precise control of risky substances in China.

关 键 词：土壤环境基准 锌 土壤理化性质 物种敏感度分布 土地利用类型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]