什么是倾向?——批判实在论改进反事实条件分析的“封闭-制备”方案  

What is Disposition?: A “Closure-Preparation” Scheme from Critical Realism for Improving Counter-factual Analysis

作　　者：谭力扬 TAN Liyang(School of Politics and Public Administration,Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215123)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第1期50-57,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：在传统上,对“倾向”概念的阐释依赖于对其进行反事实条件分析。然而人们容易将这种分析框架曲解为对“倾向”内蕴的必然性进行普遍概括,因此使该框架容易受到各种反例的攻击。对此,罗伊·巴斯卡的批判实在论事实上对它提出了一种“封闭-制备”的改进方案。对该方案的进一步阐发表明,对“倾向”的阐明应在保持反事实条件分析框架在形式上不变的情况下,将“倾向”奠定在反事实条件句所内蕴和表达的“组合”特征上。Traditionally, explications of disposition usually rely on the counter-factual analysis to it.However, people tend to misunderstand this schema as a proposal to give universal generalizations to the necessity of disposition, which render it very easy to be attacked by counter-examples. Critical realism raised by Roy Bhaskar proposes a “closure-preparation” scheme to improve the schema of counter-factual analysis. A further elucidation to this scheme manifests that the appropriate explication of “disposition” should make disposition be grounded on characteristics of combination implicated by counter-factual conditionals, which would not change the formalization to the schema of counter-factual analysis.

关 键 词：倾向 反事实条件句 批判实在论 封闭系统 组合 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]