学校教育制度的革故与鼎新——伊万·伊利奇“去学校化社会”思想及其影响论析  

The Revolution and Innovation of the Schooling System:An Analysis of Ivan Illich’s Thought of"Deschooling Society"and Its Influence

作　　者：杨文杰 范国睿[2,3] Yang Wenjie;Fan Guorui(the National Institute of Educational Policy Research,East China Normal University,and the Shanghai Academy of Educational Sciences,Shanghai 200062;the Institute of Schooling Reform and Development(Key Research Institute in University),East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;the Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国家教育宏观政策研究院与上海市教育科学研究院,上海200062 [2]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地华东师范大学基础教育改革与发展研究所,上海200062 [3]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《教育研究》2023年第1期89-102,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学重大课题“中国特色社会主义教育制度优势及转化为治理效能的实现路径研究”(编号:VGA200001)研究成果。

摘　　要：作为20世纪教育学历史上不可或缺的组成部分,《去学校化社会》自问世以来便备受关注。50多年前,身处激进与动荡的社会思潮与社会现实环境中的伊利奇,反思和批判制度化教育存在的问题,形成了以建构开放学习网络为核心的“去学校化社会”思想。这一思想在理论上引发了关于教育价值与功能的论辩;在实践上激发了以“去学校化社会”思想为指导的教育制度变革的种种探索。但该思想忽视了学校在普及教育和发展文化中的积极作用,对资本主义社会的批判与对教育制度的批判具有不对称性,所提出的“学习网络”具有潜在的不平等性,因而受到批评。而今,新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情导致学校关闭给传统的学校教育带来挑战。这赋予“去学校化社会”思想新的时代价值,引发人们对该思想的再度关切。智能技术的教育应用,不仅为“去学校化社会”思想提供了现实技术条件,更引领人们超越“去学校化社会”思想、重构迈向新教育生态的教育制度。As an indispensable part of the educational history in the 20th century,the book Deschooling Society by Ivan Illich has aroused considerable attention since it was published.Over fifty years ago,Illich,who faced radical and turbulent social thoughts and social reality,reflected and criticized a range of issues in institutionalized education,and created his thought of"deschooling society"focusing on the construction of an open learning network.In theory,his thought triggered a debate over the value and function of education;in practice,it stimulated explorations into the reform of the educational system guided by his thought of"deschooling."However,his thought was criticized for its ignorance of the positive role of schools in their popularization of education and development of culture,the asymmetry between its criticism of capitalist society and that of the educational system,and the potential inequality of what he called"learning network."At present,the school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic pose challenges to traditional schooling.This affords new value to the"schooling society"in the new era,and arouses people’s renewed concern over Illich’s thought of"deschooling society."The educational application of intelligent technology not only provides technical conditions for his thought of"deschooling society,"but also leads people to go beyond his thought and reconstruct the educational system towards a new educational ecology.

关 键 词：伊利奇 “去学校化社会” 学校教育制度变革 学习网络 教育生态重构 

分 类 号：G512[文化科学—教育学]