典型生态退化区生态技术效果评价  

Assessment of Restoration Technology in Typical Ecological Degradation Regions

作　　者：王爽 甄霖[1,2] 肖玉 魏云洁[3] 胡云锋 尤冬梅 WANG Shuang;ZHEN Lin;XIAO Yu;WEI Yunjie;HU Yunfeng;YOU Dongmei(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]北京工商大学经济学院,北京100048

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第1期177-185,共9页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977421);The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0503700)。

摘　　要：面对全球生态退化的严峻态势,全球各个国家针对各自生态退化问题均实施了一系列生态修复工程,积累了数量众多的生态技术。目前仍缺乏对生态技术实施效果的系统总结与区域间差异的刻画,这在很大程度上限制了优良技术的推广和应用。本文基于Web of Science核心数据库,通过特定的文献筛选标准共筛选出3409篇文献,对生态技术效果研究的发展趋势、研究热点及区域对比进行了梳理和分析,并进一步筛选出包含14个区域的19篇文献对防护林、人工造林、节水灌溉、梯田、复合农业、等高耕作、禁牧/休牧/轮牧、休耕/免耕/少耕等8项普遍应用的生态技术治理效果进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)生态技术效果研究仍处于持续发展期;(2)在生态技术效果研究关键词共现图谱中,“侵蚀”是最大的节点,其次是“管理”;(3)大多数国家都较为重视“侵蚀”和“径流”的研究,但不同国家对生态技术效果研究存在差异;(4)同一技术可应用于不同区域,但效果不同,已实施的生态技术恢复效果良好,但生态技术使用不当可能会带来不良后果。本研究为未来生态修复技术筛选起到了抛砖引玉的作用,为优良技术的输入与输出提供了参考依据和理论支撑。In the face of increasingly severe ecological degradation in the typical fragile ecological regions around the world, many different ecological technologies(ET) have been developed. However, there is still a lack of any comprehensive analysis of these technologies and the effects of their implementation on regional ecological systems, and this largely limits the promotion of the excellent technologies and their applications. Based on the Web of Science core online database and specific literature screening criteria, 3409 papers were selected to summarize and analyze the development trends, research hotspots and regional comparisons of ecological technology effect research. Furthermore, 19 publications from 14 regions were selected to compare and analyze the effects of eight commonly applied ET: shelterbelt, artificial afforestation, water-saving irrigation, terrace, stereo-agriculture, contour tillage, ban/rest/rotational grazing and fallow/no tillage/minimum tillage. The results show four key features:(1) The research on the effect of ecological technology is still in the period of continuous development.(2) “Erosion” is the largest node in the keyword co-occurrence map of ecological technologies effect research, followed by “management”.(3) Most countries pay attention to the studies of “erosion” and “runoff”, although there are differences in research on the effects of ecological technologies in different countries.(4) The same technology could be applied to different regions but the effects varied, and the ecological technologies that have been implemented have generally achieved good restoration effects;however, the improper use of ecological technologies may bring negative consequences. This study provides important support for ecosystem restoration and improvement in the ecologically degraded areas in China and around the world, and it provides a reference for the export and introduction of excellent technologies.

关 键 词：生态退化 生态技术 发展阶段 关键词共现图谱 效果对比分析 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]