不同生草栽培对甜桔柚果园土壤肥力和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Grass Cultivations on the Soil Fertility andFruit Quality of Sweet Orange Pomelo in Orchards

作　　者：沈秋红 叶子豪 张茂付 吴夏华 尹瑞安 沈从根 吴伟珍 吴家森[2] 叶增新 SHEN Qiu-hong;YE Zi-hao;ZHANG Mao-fu;WU Xia-hua;YIN Rui-an;SHEN Cong-gen;WU Wei-zhen;WU Jia-sen;YE Zeng-xin(Qingyuan County Forestry Bureau,Lishui,Zhejiang 323800,China;School of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311300,China;Qingyuan County Fengshulong Family Farm,Lishui,Zhejiang 323807,China;Qingyuan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Lishui,Zhejiang 323800,China)

机构地区：[1]庆元县林业局,浙江丽水323800 [2]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州311300 [3]庆元县枫树垄家庭农场,浙江丽水323807 [4]庆元县农业农村局,浙江丽水323800

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2022年第11期69-73,共5页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划重点研发项目(2019C03121);庆元县科技局项目(庆科发〔2020〕23号-39)。

摘　　要：为掌握不同生草栽培对甜桔柚果园土壤环境和果实品质的影响。以清耕为对照,设置了鼠茅草Vulpiamyuros、油菜Brassica campestris、黑麦草Lolium multiflorum、紫云英Astragalus sinicus、黄花苜蓿Medicago falcata、箭舌豌豆Vicia sativa等6个处理的田间生草栽培试验,采集并分析了土壤和果实样品。结果表明:与清耕相比,种植油菜和箭舌豌豆后的果园土壤pH提高了12.2%和8.1%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05);6种生草处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加了32.2%~50.7%、31.3%~50.0%、35.9%~49.4%(P<0.05);土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、水溶性有机碳、水溶性有机氮含量也显著增加了20.3%~31.2%、21.4%~48.4%、21.7%~58.4%、24.8%~36.0%(P<0.05);土壤蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性显著提高了23.1%~84.6%,22.2%~42.5%,27.6%~62.1%(P<0.05)。生草栽培在一定程度上提高了甜桔柚产量和果实品质,但与清耕间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,生草栽培改善了果园土壤环境,可在甜桔柚生产中推广应用。In order to understand the effects of different grass cultivation on the orchard soil environment and fruit quality of sweet orange pomelo,by taking the clean cultivation as the control group,six treatments of Vulpiamyuros,Brassica campestris,Lolium multiflorum,Astragalus sinicus,Medicago falcata and Vicia sativa were set up in the field to conduct the experiment of grass cultivation.Then,the soil and fruit samples were collected and analyzed.The results showed that compared with the clean cultivation,the pH value of soil in orchards increased by 12.2%and 8.1%after planting Brassica campestris and Vicia sativa,and the difference reached significant level(P<0.05).The contents of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapid available potassium in the six treatments of grass cultivation increased by 32.2%-50.7%,31.3%-50.0%and 35.9%-49.4%(P<0.05).The contents of soil organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon,water-soluble organic carbon and water-soluble organic nitrogen also increased significantly by 20.3%-31.2%,21.4%-48.4%,21.7%-58.4%and 24.8%-36.0%(P<0.05).The activities of soil protease,sucrose enzyme and urease were significantly increased by 23.1%-84.6%,22.2%-42.5%and 27.6%-62.1%(P<0.05).The yield and fruit quality of sweet orange pomelo were improved to a certain extent by grass cultivation,but there was no significant difference between the grass cultivation and clean cultivation(P>0.05).In summary,the grass cultivation improved the environment of soil in orchards and could be promoted and applied in the production of sweet orange pomelo.

关 键 词：甜桔柚 生草栽培 土壤碳 土壤酶 果实品质 

分 类 号：S666.3[农业科学—果树学]