青少年橄榄球运动员灵敏表现与感知决策、冲刺速度和下肢肌肉特征的相关性研究  

Research on the Correlation between DecisionMaking,Sprint Speed,Lower Limb Muscle Characteristics and Agility Performance in Youth Rugby Players

作　　者：叶家驰 孙强[2] 王玉珠 高炳宏[1] 王毅[3] YE Jiachi;SUN Qiang;WANG Yuzhu;GAO Binghong;WANG Yi(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China;Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]南京体育学院,江苏南京210014 [3]山东体育学院,山东济南250102

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第12期3-10,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：南京体育学院重点实验室开放课题(SYS202104)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨青少年7人制橄榄球运动员(以下简称“球员”)灵敏表现与感知决策、冲刺速度和下肢肌肉特征的关系。方法:选取30名上海市球员(14男,16女)为研究对象,通过Y灵敏(Y reactive agility)、Y变向(Y pre-planned agility)、30 m冲刺、反向跳(countermovement jump,CMJ)、静蹲跳(static jump,SJ)、下落跳(drop jump,DJ)和等长大腿中部拉(isometric mid-thigh pull,IMTP)测试分别对其灵敏、感知决策、速度、下肢爆发力和下肢力量进行测评。结果:1)球员的灵敏表现与感知决策能力呈非常高度正相关(r=0.748,P<0.01),与0~5、0~10和0~30 m冲刺表现呈高度正相关(r=0.536~0.641,P<0.01),与CMJ高度、SJ高度、DJ高度和反应力量指数(reactive strength index,RSI)呈高度到非常高度负相关(r=-0.547~-0.729,P<0.01),与峰值力,相对峰值力,在0~100、0~150、0~200、0~250和0~300 ms时间段的相对体质量肌肉发力率(rate of force development,RFD)呈中度到高度负相关(r=-0.405~-0.576,P<0.05);2)在感知决策、冲刺速度、下肢爆发力和0~300 ms相对体质量RFD指标中表现优异的球员可取得较优的灵敏表现(P<0.05);3)感知决策和10 m冲刺是预测球员灵敏表现的关键变量(R^(2)=83.20%,P<0.01)。结论:感知决策、短距离直线冲刺、跳跃和0~300 ms RFD能力的增强会对球员的灵敏表现产生积极作用,尤其是将感知决策和10 m冲刺练习纳入训练计划对于提升球员的灵敏表现至关重要。Objective:To explore the relationship between decision making,sprint speed,lower limb muscle characteristics,and agility performance in youth rugby sevens(hereinafter referred to as“players”).Methods:Thirty Shanghai youth players(14 males,16 females)are selected as the investigation objects.The Y reactive agility,Y pre-planned agility,30 m sprint,countermovement jump(CMJ),static jump(SJ),drop jump(DJ),and the isometric mid-thigh pull(IMTP)tests are conducted to respectively measure agility,decision-making,speed,lower limb power,and lower limb strength.Results:1)Players’agility performance is very highly positively correlated with decision-making ability(r=0.748,P<0.01),highly positively correlated with 0—5,0—10,and 0—30 m sprint performance(r=0.536—0.641,P<0.01),highly to very highly negatively correlated with CMJ height,SJ height,DJ height,and reactive strength index(RSI)(r=-0.547—-0.729,P<0.01),and moderately to highly negatively correlated with peak force,relative peak force,and relative rate of force development(RFD)at 0—100,0—150,0—200,0—250,and 0—300 ms(r=-0.405—-0.576,P<0.05);2)players who excel in decision making,sprint speed,lower limb power and 0—300 ms relative body mass RFD index get better agility performance(P<0.05);3)decision making and 10 m sprint are key variables to predict players’agility performance(R^(2)=83.20%,P<0.01).Conclusions:The enhancement of decisionmaking ability,sprint,jump,and 0—300 ms RFD ability has a positive effect on players’agility performance,especially the inclusion of decision-making and 10 m sprint practice in the training program is crucial to improve players’agility performance.

关 键 词：橄榄球 灵敏 速度 跳跃 力量 青少年 

分 类 号：G849.2[文化科学—体育训练]