无人机低空遥感矿山地质灾害监测研究进展及发展趋势  

Study Progress and Development Trend of Mine Geological Disaster Monitoring by UAV Low-altitude Remote Sensing

作　　者：廉旭刚[1] 韩雨 刘晓宇 胡海峰[1] 蔡音飞[1] LIAN Xugang;HAN Yu;LIU Xiaoyu;HU Haifeng;CAI Yinfei(School of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第1期17-29,共13页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51704205);山西省自然科学基金项目(编号:202203021211153)。

摘　　要：矿产资源开采导致矿区地表频繁发生地质灾害,严重制约了矿山智能化的建设进程,监测并预警地质灾害的发生对于矿区正常生产及防灾部署具有重大意义。当前矿区地质灾害主要依靠传统地面监测手段及In SAR等方法,存在费时费力、周期长及In SAR无法监测大梯度形变等不足,无人机低空遥感作为一种新兴手段,以其独特的优势已经被广泛应用于矿山地质灾害监测中。结合现阶段典型成果及课题组近年来的探索实践,简述了矿山地质灾害的类型,分析了无人机低空遥感矿山地质灾害监测的应用现状,总结了无人机低空遥感在开采沉陷监测、煤火识别及地质灾害监测等方面应用的基本流程,提炼了现阶段无人机遥感实时高精度沉陷盆地构建、水平位移监测及多源时空数据融合等技术发展亟需攻克的技术难点,并从无人机高精度数据采集、多类型载荷协同、5G实时传输及智能灾害监测等方面展望了未来发展方向。未来矿山地质灾害要向“多网融合+实时监测+智能作业+任务协同+全面感知+自主决策”的智能监测预警体系方向发展,需要多学科、多部门学者开展协同攻关,实现“产学研用”联动发展。The mining of mineral resources leads to frequent geological disasters on the surface of mining area,which seriously restricts the construction process of mine intellectualization. Monitoring and early warning of geological disasters is of great significance to the normal production and disaster prevention deployment of mining area. At present,the geological disasters in the mining area mainly rely on traditional ground monitoring methods and In SAR methods,but there are shortcomings such as time-consuming and laborious,long cycle,and In SAR cannot monitor large gradient deformation. As a new method,UAV low-altitude remote sensing has been widely used in the monitoring of mine geological disasters with its unique advantages. Based on the typical achievements at the present stage and the exploration and practice of the research group in recent years,this paper briefly describes the types of mine geological disasters,analyzes the application status of UAV low-altitude remote sensing in mine geological disaster monitoring,summarizes the basic application process of UAV low-altitude remote sensing in mining subsidence monitoring,coal fire and geological disaster monitoring,and refines the technical difficulties that need to be overcome in the current stage of UAV remote sensing real-time high-precision subsidence basin construction,horizontal displacement monitoring and multi-source spatio-temporal data fusion. The future development direction is prospected from the aspects of UAV high-precision data acquisition,multi-class load coordination,5G real-time transmission and intelligent disaster monitoring. In the future,the monitoring and early warning of mine geological disasters should be developed in the direction of intelligent monitoring and early warning system of " multi-network integration + real-time monitoring + intelligent operation +task coordination + comprehensive perception + independent decision-making",which requires multi-disciplinary and multisector scholars to collaboratively tackle key problems,and

关 键 词：矿山地质灾害 无人机 低空遥感 监测预警 矿山智能化 

分 类 号：TD164[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] TD176[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P237[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]