采空区-滑坡-泥石流链式灾害隐患综合遥感识别与评价  

Comprehensive Remote Sensing Technology for Goaf-Landslide-Debris Flow Disaster Chain Identification and Evaluation

作　　者：焦润成 郭学飞 南赟 杨红磊[2] 曹颖 王晟宇 闫驰 韩建锋 马晓雪 赵丹凝 倪璇 马驰 JIAO Runcheng;GUO Xuefei;NAN Yun;YANG Honglei;CAO Ying;WANG Shengyu;YAN Chi;HAN Jianfeng;MA Xiaoxue;ZHAO Danning;NI Xuan;MA Chi(Beijing Institute of Geological Hazard Prevention,Beijing 100120,China;School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100120 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第1期73-82,共10页Metal Mine

基　　金：北京市地质矿产勘查院地质调查项目(编号:11000022T000001362678,11000022T000000439502)。

摘　　要：地下开采易导致地面产生持续变形,并可能形成采空区—滑坡—泥石流链式灾害隐患,严重影响了采空区及周边地区居民和设施安全。目前对于灾害链的研究大都基于已发生的灾害开展回溯分析,对于链式灾害隐患的识别和评估相对欠缺。综合遥感技术能够有效识别地质灾害隐患,利用大比例尺航空摄影测量、时序InSAR、机载LiDAR等手段开展了北京西山东江沟滑坡隐患识别及链式灾害隐患分析。发现东江沟内发育10处中型滑坡,滑坡体中上部普遍存在拉张裂隙,前缘发育崩滑,在2016—2022年间LOS方向的地表形变速率为8.1~30.5 mm/a。这些滑坡成为东江沟的主要物源,强烈影响了“崩塌、滑坡及水土流失严重程度”“松散物储量”“泥沙沿程补给长度”“河沟堵塞程度”等多项泥石流易发因子,使得东江沟暴发泥石流灾害的可能性由“中”提升为“大”。研究表明:综合遥感技术在采空区—滑坡—泥石流链式灾害隐患识别中是有效且可靠的,能够为矿区及周边地区灾害防治提供技术依据。Underground mining tends to cause continuous deformation of the ground,and it may induce goaf-landslidedebris flow disaster chain,which seriously affects the safety of residents and facilities in goaf and surrounding areas.At present,most of the study on disaster chain is retrospective analysis of disasters that have already occurred,rather than active identification and evaluation.Comprehensive remote sensing technology can effectively identify geological hazards.In this paper,taking Dongjiang Gully,Western Hills,Beijing as the study example,large-scale aerial photogrammetry,time series In SAR,airborne LiDAR are used to identify landslides and analyze disaster chain in the study area.There are 10 medium-sized landslides in Dongjiang Gully.In the middle and upper part of the landslides,tensile fissures are generally developed,and the leading edge collapses.The surface deformation rate in LOS direction is about 8.1~30.5 mm/a from 2016 to 2022.These landslides are the main source of Dongjiang Gully,and strongly affect many factors of debris flow,such as"the severity of collapse,landslide and soil erosiondevelopment","debris flow source reserves","recharge length of loose deposits"and"the blockage degree of gully".These adverse effects make the possibility of debris flow disaster in Dongjiang Gully increased from"medium"to"high".The study results shows that comprehensive remote sensing technology is effective and reliable in goaf-landslidedebris flow disaster chain identification,it can provide technical basis for disaster prevention and control in goaf and surrounding areas.

关 键 词：综合遥感技术 灾害识别 链式灾害 航空摄影测量 INSAR LIDAR 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设] P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] P694[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]