我国家事非讼程序的立法设计——诉讼与非讼二元并立格局  

The Legislative Design of Family Non-Litigation Procedure in China——the Dual Parallel Pattern of Litigation and Non-litigation

作　　者：张艳丽[1] 郭爽 Zhang Yanli;Guo Shuang

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《法学杂志》2023年第1期62-77,共16页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京市基层法院家事审判机制改革研究”(项目编号:17FXA001)的研究成果。

摘　　要：家事案件从程序的角度可分为家事诉讼案件和家事非讼案件两大类型,域外大陆法系国家和地区在其单独的家事程序法中,大都依据案件类型实现了家事纠纷解决程序的"诉讼与非讼二元并立格局".我国没有单独的家事程序法,也没有诉讼与非讼程序分别立法的历史传统,因此,法院在适用"大一统"的《民事诉讼法》处理家事案件过程中,形成了诉讼与非讼案件全面"争讼化"的一元格局状态.随着我国家事审判改革的进一步深化,以及《民法典》"婚姻家庭编"和"继承编"对家事实体法律规范的完善,要制定单独的"家事程序法",首先要充分认识到家事诉讼程序与家事非讼程序相互独立的地位,并基于案件类型与程序相称论、诉讼法理与非讼法理二元分离以及交错适用等理论,从立法上确立"诉讼与非讼二元并立格局".进而从家事非讼程序的适用范围、审理原则、基本制度及统合处理等几方面,在诉讼法理和非讼法理交错适用的基础上,科学设置与家事诉讼程序相互独立的家事非讼程序,以充分发挥家事非讼程序的特殊司法功能,最终妥善及统合地处理复杂的家事案件.From the perspective of procedure,family cases can be divided into two types:family litigation cases and family non-litigation cases.In their separate family procedure laws,most extraterritorial civil law countries and regions have realized the“litigation and non-litigation dual parallel pattern”in family dispute resolution procedures according to the type of cases.There is no separate family procedure law in China,nor is there a historical tradition of separate legislation of litigation procedure and non-litigation procedure.Therefore,in the process of applying the“unified”civil procedure law to deal with family cases,the courts have formed a unified pattern of litigation cases and non-litigation cases.With the further deepening of the reform of the family trial system in our country and the improvement of the substantive legal norms of family entities in the“marriage and family series”and“inheritance”sections of the Civil Code,in order to formulate a separate“Family Procedure Law”,we must first to fully recognize the independent status of family litigation procedure and family non-litigation procedure.And based on the theory of proportionality between case type and procedure,the theory of the binary separation application and the staggered application of litigation jurisprudence and non-litigation jurisprudence,the“litigation and non-litigation dual parallel pattern”is established from the legislation.And then,from the several aspects of application scope of family non-litigation procedure,the trial principles,the basic system,the integrated handling and so on,on the basis of the staggered application of procedural jurisprudence and non-litigation jurisprudence,we should scientifically establish family non-litigation procedure which is independent of family litigation procedure,so as to give full play to the special judicial function of family non-litigation procedure,and finally properly and uniformly handle complex family cases.

关 键 词：家事程序法 家事非讼程序 家事诉讼程序 二元并立格局 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D923[政治法律—法学]