泥河湾盆地板井子晚更新世遗址古人类对动物资源的消费策略  

Exploitation strategy of animal resources by ancient humans at the Late Pleistocene site of Banjingzi,Nihewan basin

作　　者：王晓敏 王法岗 陈福友[3,4] 李锋[3,4] 高星[3,4,5] WANG Xiaomin;WANG Fagang;CHEN Fuyou;LI Feng;GAO Xing(Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710;Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics,Shijiazhuang 050031;Laboratory for Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of CAS at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710 [2]河北省文物考古研究院,石家庄050031 [3]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [4]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2022年第6期1005-1016,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41802022);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1521500)。

摘　　要：本文以泥河湾盆地板井子遗址(约90 kaBP)2015年出土的动物骨骼为材料,通过骨骼表面痕迹分析、骨骼单元出现频率研究及长骨破碎方式的统计,辨识自然作用与人类行为对动物骨骼造成的不同影响,讨论深海氧同位素5阶段(MIS 5)中国北方古人类获取、搬运及处理动物资源的综合性策略。研究结果显示:1)遗址出土的动物遗存为古人类活动所遗留,自然营力对动物骨骼有改造作用,但并未影响我们对古人类行为的辨识;2)古人类在捕获马科动物之后,将其完整地带回了遗址并肢解;3)在处理猎物遗骸时,肌肉和骨髓富集的部位是古人类利用的重点。结合河南许昌灵井遗址的动物遗存研究结果,我们认为,在MIS 5阶段前后,中国北方已经出现了可以高效利用动物资源的人类群体;稳定、充沛的能量来源,或是他们应对北半球中高纬度干旱草原环境气候波动的重要生存策略。This paper provides a detailed taphonomic analysis of animal remains from the Banjingzi site dating about 90 kaBP, in the Nihewan Basin, North China. The quantification of bone surface modifications, skeletal profiles, and breakage patterns of long bones are presented,indicating strategies of prey acquisition, transportation, and consumption by humans during Marine Isotope Stage 5 in the northern China. The results show that 1) humans were the predominant accumulator of bones in Layer 5 as indicated by the frequency of percussion marks,cut marks and carnivore toothmarks;2) horses were the dominant prey, with most brought back to the site completely;3) limb bones(that is, portions with the most flesh and marrow) had the highest frequencies of cutmarks, percussion marks and fragmentation index. Combined with zooarchaeological results from the Lingjing site in Henan Province, we conclude that there were probably regular hunters of large games in steppe environment of North China around MIS5.

关 键 词：中国北方 板井子 埋藏学 动物群 狩猎 

分 类 号：Q915.86[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]