脑机接口的伦理争议及其发展对策——基于哈贝马斯的“包容他者”视角  

Ethical controversy of brain computer interface and its development countermeasures——Based on the perspective of“inclusiveness of others”of Habermas

作　　者：匡丽丹 刘炳亮[2] 王健崭[1] KUANG Li-dan;LIU Bing-liang;WANG Jian-zhan(School of Marxism,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China;Business School,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京211198 [2]鲁东大学商学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《佛山科学技术学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期14-21,共8页Journal of Foshan University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究思想政治工作专题项目(2022SJSZ0032);南京市社会科学基金一般项目(21YB23)。

摘　　要：近年来脑机接口技术的发展为人类治疗疑难疾病、增强人体机能提供了可能,但与此同时也带来了诸多风险。为客观认识和规避这些风险,基于哈贝马斯的“包容他者”理论,将“机器他者”这一概念引入现代医疗领域,并从身份认知、知情权和隐私权、社会公平、责任归属等方面进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,当具有“意识”能力的“机器他者”介入人类主体后会导致“主客体”界限的模糊甚至互换,从而引发各种伦理冲突。对此提出用“有限包容”的态度来发展脑机接口这种充满未知的技术,以避免或减少其对人类安全和社会秩序可能产生的冲击和影响。In recent years,the development of brain-computer interface technology has made it possible for human beings to treat difficult diseases and enhance human functions,but it also brings many risks.To understand and avoid these risks,this paper introduces the concept of the“machine others”based on Habermas’theory of“the inclusion of the others”into the field of modern medicine,and analyzes and discusses risks from the aspects of identity cognition,the right to know and privacy,social equity,responsibility attribution etc.The results suggest that when the“machine other”with the ability of“consciousness”intervenes in the human body,it can lead to the blurring of the boundaries and even exchange each other,which will lead to ethical conflicts.Accordingly,we should develop brain-computer interface,which is full of unknown technology,with a“limited tolerance”attitude,to avoid unpredictable impacts on human security and social order.

关 键 词：脑机接口 机器他者 有限包容 医疗技术 伦理争议 

分 类 号：B82-057[哲学宗教—伦理学]