三级OEM供应链在供需波动下的定价与批量协同决策  

Pricing and Lot-Sizing Collaborative Decisions for Three-Level OEM Supply Chain under Supply and Demand Uncertainties

作　　者：陈志明 张贵萍 唐龙海 CHEN Zhiming;ZHANG Guiping;TANG Longhai(School of Credit Management,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou 510521;School of Management,Guangzhou Xinhua University,Guangzhou 510520)

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院信用管理学院,广州510521 [2]广州新华学院管理学院,广州510520

出　　处：《系统科学与数学》2022年第11期2942-2958,共17页Journal of Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJC630012);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD22XGL29);国家自然科学基金项目(71802057);广东金融学院2022年“冲补强-特色高校提升计划”应用经济学省级重点学科培育项目(No.7)资助课题。

摘　　要：随着供应链长度的延伸,对多家企业的运营协调变得复杂.考虑一个由OEM供应商、品牌企业和零售商组成的三级供应链,研究代工环节的产出不稳定和销售环节的需求不确定对供应链的定价、订货和生产决策的影响,运用Stackelberg博弈求解出均衡决策结果,提出结合缺货惩罚的收益共享契约,通过在上游实施缺货惩罚和在下游实施收益共享,实现三级供应链的协调.研究结果表明,代工价格超过特定的临界值时,OEM供应商会进行超额生产,否则将采取按照订单生产的保守策略.供应链上游各环节的加价销售只会利己不利他,而提升下游定价可以实现供应链各方收益的帕累托改进.协调机制中的惩罚价格应设置为购现价格对外包价格的差额,下游对上游的收益分享可视为转移支付,可以换来上游对下游的售价减让,实现利润在供应链成员间的弹性分配.The coordination of multiple companies becomes a formidable challenge with the extension of supply chain.For a three-level supply chain comprised of a contract manufacturer(CM),an original equipment manufacturer(OEM),and a retailer,we study the impacts of uncertain yield and uncertain demand on the decisions of pricing,ordering,and production.The Stackelberg game is modeled to derive the optimal decisions.A revenue sharing with shortage penalty contract is subsequently proposed to achieve the coordination of three-level supply chain.We find that there exists a threshold outsourcing price beyond which the CM is motivated to overproduce,otherwise it tends to adopt conservative strategy of producing in accordance with the order.The increase of selling price in any upstream section benefits the seller at the cost of other agents’profits.In contrast,raising price in the end of supply chain brings Pareto improvement to all agents.The coordination mechanism designed in this study enables the flexible profit distribution among all agents in supply chain.In particular,the shortage penalty should be set as the difference between selling price and outsourcing price.The revenue sharing from downstream to upstream can be viewed as the payment transfer which encourages the price reduction from upstream to downstream.

关 键 词：三级供应链 博弈论 随机供应 供应链协调 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理]