黄宗羲对朱子批判谢良佐“以觉论仁”之驳异  

Huang Zongxi’s Rebuttal to Zhu Zi’s(Chu Hsi)Criticism of Xie Liangzuo’s“Explaining Benevolence with Consciousness”

作　　者：陈力祥[1] 陈平 Chen Lixiang;Chen Ping

机构地区：[1]湖南大学岳麓书院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2022年第4期98-105,141,共9页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：谢良佐以觉论仁,强调人之主体感受与道德本体之同一性。朱子批评谢良佐“仁论”将主体感受当作道德本体,既消解了形上与形下的差分,又在修养工夫上导致急躁而不沉潜的学风,还会在道德体认上带来以“人欲”当作“天理”的后果。黄宗羲将“觉”归之于“气”,将“仁”归之于“理”,认为理气不相离,应即气而言理,指出朱子对谢良佐的批评是析理气为二,认为应于人伦日用当中体悟“仁”,且肯认了谢良佐在程门后学中的重要地位。朱子对谢良佐的批评与黄宗羲对谢良佐的维护,是基于两人对“觉”之外延的不同理解而展开的,彰显为两条不同的理路,但二人之目的均是希冀摆脱虚浮之学风,将道德本体的认知回归于“实”,因而,两人的理论展开又是殊途同归。Xie Liangzuo interpreted benevolence as subjective perception.He emphasized that people can understand moral principles through subjective feelings.Zhu Zi criticized Xie Liangzuo’s“Benevolence Theory”for taking the subjective feelings as the moral noumenon,which not only eliminates the distinction between the metaphysical and the physical,but also makes people impatient when learning,resulting in an an unpractical style of study.It also has the effect of taking“human desire”as“heavenly principles”in terms of moral perception.Huang Zongxi believed that“human subjective perception”is“Qi”and“benevolence”is“heavenly principles”.He insisted on the view that heavenly principles cannot be separated from Qi.He pointed out that people should discuss heavenly principles under the premise of understanding Qi.Huang Zongxi opposed Zhu Xi’s idea of separating the heavenly principles and Qi.He believed that moral principles should be felt in daily life.Huang fully affirmed xie Liangzuo’s important position among the disciples of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi.Zhu Xi and Huang Zongxi have different understandings of benevolence,so they have different attitudes towards Xie Liangzuo’s“Benevolence Theory”.It reflects their different academic styles.However,they all wanted to get rid of the unpractical academic atmosphere,asked people to practice moral principles actually.In theory,therefore,they used different methods to achieve the same goal.

关 键 词：谢良佐 朱熹 黄宗羲 以觉论仁 心 理气 

分 类 号：B249.3[哲学宗教—中国哲学]