商业、正义与现代文明——论休谟商业观的现代性意义  

Commerce, Justice and Modern Civilization: On the Modern Significance of Hume’s View of Commerce

作　　者：汶红涛 WEN Hong-tao(School of Marxism,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期21-28,共8页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(人文社科类)项目(300102160671)。

摘　　要：“商业”是理解休谟道德哲学和政治哲学不可忽视的核心构成。休谟强调财产权是一个社会的基础,确立以财产权为核心的正义规则能最大限度地促进“商业”的繁荣,从而带来公共效用的积累和社会美德的增长。以财产权及其正义规则为内在要求的“商业”,对社会产生了广泛而复杂的影响,进而形塑了“现代”道德世界和政治世界。从对商业的讨论可以发现,休谟的正义理论并非一种纯粹的财产权理论,而是一种正义如何促进公共美德和塑造现代制度的道德哲学与政治哲学的深刻说明,也是一种为现代商业文明提供多层次辩护的道德与政治理论体系。The perception of “commerce” is the essential core to appreciate Hume’s moral and political philosophy.Hume stresses that the property rights are the foundation of society. Establishing the justice rule with the property rights as the core can maximize the “commercial” prosperity, thus bringing about the accumulation of public utility and the growth of social virtues.“Commerce”, which is inherently demanded by the property rights and their rules of justice, has a wide and complex impact on society, and further shapes a “modernized” moral and political world. From the discussion of business, it can be found that Hume’s theory of justice is not a pure property theory, but a profound elaboration about moral philosophy and political philosophy, i. e., how justice promotes public virtues and shapes modern system. Also, it is a moral and political theoretical system that provides a multi-level defense for modern commercial civilization.

关 键 词：休谟 商业 正义 道德 政治 

分 类 号：B561.291[哲学宗教—外国哲学]