2001—2020年我国甜菜成本收益动态演变与原因探究  

Research on the Dynamic Evolution of Sugar Beet Cost-benefit in China from 2001 to 2020 and Its Reasons

作　　者：刘晓雪[1] 王京 LIU Xiaoxue;WANG Jing(School of Economics,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国糖料》2023年第1期75-90,共16页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金(CARS-170601)资助。

摘　　要：本文基于《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》的单位面积成本和收益数据,采用趋势分析法和比较分析法探究了2001—2020年我国和新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江三个主产区甜菜总成本和收益的变化规律,进一步探究了甜菜成本收益动态演变的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)2001—2020年我国甜菜总成本逐步提高,2018年达到高位后有所回落,20年年均增长率为7.45%,从成本增长的绝对数额来看,物质与服务费用和人工成本居前两位;从年均增速来看,地租和人工成本增速居前两位。(2)2020年物质与服务费用、劳动力成本、土地成本分别占甜菜总成本的45.33%、35.76%和18.91%。(3)从三个主产区20年成本均值看,新疆总成本最高、内蒙古其次、黑龙江最低;单产由高到低依次为新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江;从甜菜成本内部结构来看,新疆物质与服务费用占比最高,内蒙古人工成本占比最高,黑龙江土地成本占比最高。(4)三大主产区总成本总体呈上升趋势,新疆、内蒙古增量明显高于黑龙江;而黑龙江增速最快、内蒙古其次。(5)我国甜菜成本利润率呈先增、后降、再震荡回升态势,经历了三个周期和一个未完成周期,2011年达到最高,2016年处于最低,近20年成本利润率均值为26.51%,2020年成本利润率约为9.53%。(6)内蒙古化肥投入数量呈现先增(2010—2017年)后降(2018—2020年)态势,化肥农药“零增长”政策在内蒙古初现效果。(7)成本收益变动的主要影响因素包括劳动力成本和物质与服务费用快速增加,使得甜菜比较效益不高,异常气候频发、重迎茬和除草剂残留问题影响单产和甜菜收益,副产品综合利用不高,甜菜种子价格偏高且主要依靠进口。这些研究结论为推动我国甜菜产业高质量发展提供现实依据。Based on the unit area cost and income data from compilation of national agricultural product cost-benefit information,this paper used the trend analysis method and comparative analysis method to explore the change rules of the total cost and income of sugar beet in China and the three main producing areas,including Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Heilongjiang from 2001 to 2020.It further explored the driving factors of the dynamic evolution of sugar beet cost and income.The results indicated that:(1)the total cost of sugar beet in China gradually increased from 2001 to 2020,and fell back after reaching a high level in 2018,with an average annual growth rate of 7.45%within the past 20 years.In terms of the absolute amount of cost growth,the material and service costs,and labor costs ranked the top two,in terms of the average annual growth rate,the land rent and labor costs growth ranked the top two.(2)in 2020,the material and service costs,labor costs,and land costs accounted for 45.33%,35.76%,and 18.91%of the total cost of sugar beet,respectively.(3)in terms of the average cost of the three main producing areas in the past 20 years,Xinjiang had the highest total cost,followed by Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang.The per unit area yield from high to low was Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang.From the perspective of internal structure of sugar beet costs,Xinjiang had the highest proportion of material and service costs,Inner Mongolia had the highest proportion of labor costs,and Heilongjiang had the highest proportion of land costs.(4)the total cost of the three main producing areas showed an increasing trend.The increment of Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia were significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang,and Heilongjiang had the fastest growth rate,followed by Inner Mongolia.(5)China’s sugar beet cost-profit ratio showed a trend of first increasing,then decreasing,and then fluctuating and rising again.It had experienced three cycles and one unfinished cycle,reaching the highest in 2011 and the lowest in 2016.The

关 键 词：甜菜 成本收益 劳动力成本 地租 成本利润率 食糖产业 高质量发展 

分 类 号：TS24[轻工技术与工程—制糖工程]