共同注意能力提升对孤独症儿童社会交往能力发展的实证研究  

Empirical study on joint attention improvement affects autistic children’s social communication ability development

作　　者：董欣 王志强[2] 沙鹏 DONG Xin;WANG Zhiqiang;SHA Peng(Dalian Ganjingzi Special Education Center,Dalian 116033,China;College of Education,Liaoning Normal University;College of Education,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省大连市甘井子区特殊教育中心,116033 [2]辽宁师范大学教育学院 [3]华中师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2023年第1期15-21,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度教育部重点课题(编号:DHA200368)。

摘　　要：目的:探究共同注意能力提升对孤独症儿童语言、模仿及社会互动3项社会交往能力发展的影响并分析其影响机制。方法:采用桌面时光与地板时光相结合的手段干预4名被试的共同注意,自变量为干预前后被试共同注意能力的变化,因变量为被试在共同注意干预前后语言、模仿与社会互动3项社会交往能力指标的变化,对被试的身心发展状态、相关教育训练及干预环境等无关变量进行了恒定控制。结果:4名被试的共同注意能力在干预后的C统计结果中呈现出显著性差异或边缘显著性差异(P<0.05),视觉分析结果也呈现出了明显变化(重叠率等于零)。4名被试语言理解能力的后测月份增长量为+3、+4、+3、+7,均大于其自然生长量;语言表达能力的后测月份增长量为+2、+4、+3、+6,均大于或等于其自然生长量;模仿能力的后测分数增长量为+2、+2、+2、+3,均大于量表常模增长量;社会互动能力的后测月份增长量为+4、+6、+5、+7,亦均大于其自然生长量。同时,被试的各项社会交往能力在3个月后也均保持着一定的维持效果。结论:共同注意能力提升能够不同程度地影响并推动孤独症儿童各项社会交往能力的提升与维持,但具体影响程度受制于被试的障碍程度与其具体社会交往行为的缺陷程度。Objective:To explore the influence of the joint attention improvement on language,imitation and social interaction ability development in autistic children,then analyze its mechanism.Methods:The combination of desk time and floor time was used to intervene the joint attention for 4 subjects.The independent variable was the change of the participants’joint attention ability before and after the intervention,and the dependent variable was the change of language,imitation and social interaction before and after the intervention.The subjects’physical and mental development state,relevant education and intervention environment were controlled.Results:The joint attention ability of 4 subjects showed significant difference or marginal significant difference in the C statistic results after intervention(P<0.05,P<0.1),and the visual analysis results also showed significant change(overlap rate was zero).The post-test monthly increases of the four subjects’language comprehension ability were+3,+4,+3,+7,which were all greater than their natural increase;The post-test monthly increases of language expression ability were+2,+4,+3,+6,which were all greater or equal than their natural increase;The post-test score increases of imitation ability were+2,+2,+2,+3,which were all larger than the scale norm.The post-test monthly increases of social interaction ability were+4,+6,+5,+7,which were also greater than the natural increase.Meanwhile,the social communication ability of the subjects also maintained a certain maintenance effect after three months.Conclusion:The improvement of joint attention can affect autistic children’social communication abilities in varying degrees,and the specific degree of it is influenced by the degree of subjects’impairment and the degree of each social communication behaviors’impairment.

关 键 词：孤独症 共同注意 社会交往 实证研究 儿童 

分 类 号：R395.4[哲学宗教—心理学]