意志自由与决定论——康德相容论的本体论奠基解读  

Free Will and Determinism:An Ontological Reading of Kant’s Compatibilism

作　　者：罗喜 LUO Xi(School of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学哲学与宗教学学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2022年第5期86-104,共19页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“莱布尼茨与康德自由意志思想比较研究”(22BZX098);中央民族大学青年学术团队引领计划“分析哲学与欧陆解释学的对话”(2022QNYL10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：康德认为人的行动既是被决定的,又是自由的。先验观念论是理解该相容性的关键。与研究文献中“两个世界说”和“两种视角说”的解读不同,经验性品格与理知品格是人的同一个品格的两个本体论上不同的维度,前者是后者的感性显现,后者是前者的先验根据。理知品格是人在本体界通过理知行为而自己创造的,经验性品格的形成在本体论上依赖于理知品格。从现象层面看,人的行动是由时间中先行因素和自然因果法则共同作用于经验性品格而产生的,因而是被决定的;但从本体层面看,该行动是理知品格作为非经验条件而产生的直接结果,从而是自由的。意志自由与决定论互不冲突,人是自由地选择了自己被决定的,人要为自己的行为负责。This article examines the compatibility between free will and determinism.According to Kant,human actions can be seen both as determined and as free.Transcendental idealism is the key to our understanding of Kant’s compatibilism.Contrary to the ontological two-worlds-reading and the epistemological two-aspects-reading in the extant literature,I advance that empirical character and intelligible character are two ontologically different aspects of one and the same character of a person.While the former is the sensible sign of the latter,the latter constitutes the transcendental ground of the former.The intelligible character is generated by an intelligible deed exercised in the noumenal world.The empirical character is ontologically dependent upon the intelligible one.On the phenomenal level,a human action is determined by the temporally preceding events and the causal law of nature,so it is not free.But on the noumenal level,the same action is a direct effect of the intelligible character as a non-empirical condition,so it is free.Therefore,free will and determinism are not contradictory,and human beings freely choose that they are determined.Human beings are responsible for their own actions.

关 键 词：第三个二律背反 先验观念论 自然因果法则 品格 道德责任 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]