基于价格弹性和行为选择的共享停车动态定价方法研究  

Study on Shared Parking Dynamic Pricing Method Based on Price Elasticity and Behavior Choice

作　　者：汪义路 叶晓飞[1,2] 李敏 陈峻 闫星辰[4] WANG Yi-lu;YE Xiao-fei;LI Min;CHEN Jun;YAN Xing-chen(School of Maritime and Transportation,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China;Ningbo Port Trade Cooperation and Development Collaborative Innovation Center,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China;School of Transportation,Southeast University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210096,China;School of Automotive and Trafic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海运学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波市港口贸易合作与发展协同创新中心,浙江宁波315211 [3]东南大学交通学院,江苏南京210096 [4]南京林业大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2022年第12期196-203,共8页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE9134700);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY20E080011);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(LGF18E090005);宁波市交通运输科技项目(202214)。

摘　　要：以发挥价格在供需均衡中的调节作用为出发点,以动态定价为手段进行研究,解决价格调节停车需求作用不显著的问题。首先,通过SP和RP调查,提炼出影响停车者选择的行为要素,构建了短时共享停车情景并建立了停车用地类型多项Logit模型。然后,通过停车场利用率与停车价格数据分析,确定了停车者在共享停车情景下改变停车选择行为的价格阈值,构建了共享停车需求价格弹性模型。最后,建立了停车占有率动态平衡的定价方法及流程,对比分析了动态定价前后各停车设施停车行为选择变化、停车需求变化和停车收益变化情况,论证了动态定价方法的有效性。结果表明:在短时停车情景下,停车者在进行停车选择时主要考虑步行距离和收费价格2个影响因素,在价格增加8元时,大多数停车者会改变自己的停车选择;60%~85%为理想泊位占有状态,为使附近停车设施的停车占有率保持在较为理想的水平,当共享停车场占有率低于60%时需降低价格幅度从而吸引更多的停车需求,当停车场占有率高于85%时需上涨价格幅度抑制更多停车需求的涌入;动态定价可使得片区组合用地停车场选择概率均值下降,并提高片区组合用地停车设施泊位利用率和平均收益。Taking the adjustment function of price in supply and demand equilibrium as the starting point and using dynamic pricing as the means for study to solve the problem that price does not play a significant role in regulating parking demand.First,based on SP and RP survey,the behavior elements that affect the choice of parkers are extracted,the short-term shared parking scenarios are constructed,and a multinomial Logit model of parking land types is established.Then,through the analysis of parking lot utilization rate and parking price data,the price threshold for parkers to change their parking choice behaviors in the shared parking scenario is determined,and the price elasticity model of shared parking demand is constructed.Finally,the pricing method and process of dynamic balance of parking occupancy rate are established,the changes of parking behavior selection,parking demand and parking income of each parking facility before and after dynamic pricing are compared and analyzed,and the effectiveness of the dynamic pricing method is demonstrated.The result shows that(1)In the short-term parking situation,the parker mainly considers the influencing factors of walking distance and charging price when making parking choices.Most parkers will change their parking options when the price increased by 8 yuan.(2)60%-85%is the ideal parking space occupancy.In order to keep the parking occupancy rate of nearby parking facilities at a relatively ideal level,when the occupancy rate of the shared parking lot is lower than 60%,the price range should be reduced to attract more parking demand.When the parking lot occupancy rate is higher than 85%,the price should be increased to suppress the influx of more parking demand.(3)Dynamic pricing can reduce the mean selection probability of the parking lot on the combined land in the area,and improve the lot utilization rate and average income of the parking facilities on the combined land in the area.

关 键 词：交通工程 价格弹性 SP调查 动态定价 共享停车 行为选择 

分 类 号：U491.7[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]