上海话E/EI变异与上海普通话ei的双向动态影响  

The bidirectional dynamic influence between Shanghainese and Mandarin the variation of Shanghainese E/EI and the ei Shanghai Mandarin

作　　者：陈忠敏[1] 马良[2] 温睿 CHEN Zhongmin;MA Liang;WEN Rui

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系/现代语言学研究院 [2]复旦大学中文系 [3]上海大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第1期3-11,126,共10页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“上海城市方言现状与历史研究及数据库建设”(19ZDA303)资助。

摘　　要：本文通过分析上海话“雷”等字韵母E/EI变异,以及上海普通话ei韵母变异来研究近年来上海话与普通话的双向动态影响。本文指出:1)上海话“雷”等字韵母E/EI变异是受普通话影响所致。2)上海话“雷”等字韵母读EI在年龄层里呈现差异,从60后、70后、80后一直到90后,有双元音EI的人数逐渐增加,80后、90后全部都是双元音;韵尾1在EI中的时长占比也随着年龄的递减而递增,反映了普通话对上海话的影响程度在80后、90后里最深。3)上海普通话“雷”等字韵母读ei也在年龄层里呈现差异,年龄越大,i在ei中的时长占比则越小,反映了底层母语对普通话习得的干扰,这种干扰随着年龄的增大而增大。本文还就语言接触引发的音变匹配机制、双向动态影响等问题展开了讨论。By analyzing the variation of the final E/EI in Shanghainese and the final ei in Shanghai Mandarin,this paper discusses the bidirectional dynamic influence between Shanghainese and Shanghai Mandarin.It proposes that:a)The variation of the final E/El in Shanghainese is caused by the influence of Mandarin;b)Its pronunciation varies in different age groups with a gradually higher percentage of EI and a relatively longer I in younger generations;c)The pronunciation of the final ei in Shanghai Mandarin differs as well among different age groups with a longer i in younger generations.This reflects that the interference of mother tongue is more influential in the acquisition of Mandarin in older generations.Besides,this paper also discusses the matching mechanism of sound change and the phenomenon of bidirectional dynamic influences induced by language contact.

关 键 词：语言接触 语言变异 双元音化 共振峰曲线 一阶导数极值点 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语] H116