张家口方言程度副词“可”的特殊用法和类型特征  

The special usage and characteristics of the intensifier ke(可)in Zhangjiakou dialect

作　　者：宗守云[1] ZONG Shouyun

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第1期72-82,127,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金“晋冀蒙接缘地带晋语语法深度调查和比较研究”(22BYY046)资助。

摘　　要：“可”是张家口方言中最典型、最常用的高量程度副词。以“可”为代表的程度副词,除了具有像普通话“很”那样的一般用法外,还有一些特殊用法,包括修饰状态形容词、修饰方位词、修饰带“得”的述补结构、修饰V/VO、修饰程度高的数量结构、修饰S等。张家口方言“可”类副词和普通话“很”类副词具有类型上的差异,前者具有级差强化词性质,可以浮动;后者具有弱化性系词性质,内嵌较深。In Zhangjiakou dialect,ke(可)is the most typical intensifier with a high frequency of use.Intensifiers as such not only can be used like hen(很)in Mandarin Chinese,but also present some special usages including the modification of stative adjectives,words denoting location,predicate-complement structures with de(得),general verbs and verb phrases,quantitative structures expressing a high degree,and even clauses.The typological differences between ke and the Mandarin hen indicate that,ke expresses gradational reinforcement with the possibility of floating whereas hen has the nature like a weakened copula and is deeply embedded.

关 键 词：程度副词 强化词 语势 级差 

分 类 号：H172.1[语言文字—汉语]