中国日语学习者“-are-”被动形式的使用特点及偏误分析  

An Analysis on the Usage Characteristics and Errors of“-are-”Passive Forms of Chinese JFL Learners

作　　者：陈冬姝 Chen Dongshu

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学北京日本学研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《东北亚外语研究》2023年第1期50-63,共14页Foreign Language Research in Northeast Asia

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“基于口语语料的汉日语态选择对比研究”(2021JJ011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以中国日语学习者和日语母语者的口语访谈语料为对象,围绕日语“-are-”被动形式的出现位置等问题展开了定量调查,并对学习者“-are-”被动中的偏误现象进行了分析。研究发现,学习者倾向于将“-are-”被动用于句末位置,凸显被动形式所代表的命题意义;母语者倾向于将“-are-”被动用于状语及定语从句,表达说话人对相关事件的主观评价。因此,教学过程中不能忽视“-are-”被动在状语及定语从句高频出现的语用动因,应积极引导其产出定语从句、「のだ」等形式表达主观评价,尽早干预并修正学习者在“-are-”被动形式当中用「た」表达属性状态、用「は」「が」标记施事等偏误现象。Based on the oral interview corpus of Chinese JFL learners and native Japanese speakers,this paper makes a quantitative investigation around the positions of Japanese“-are-”passive forms and analyzes the errors in the Chinese JFL learners’“-are-”passive forms.The results show that Chinese JFL learners tend to use“-are-”passive forms at the end of sentences,highlighting the propositional meaning represented by the passive forms;native speakers tend to use“-are-”passive forms in adverbial and attributive clauses to express the speaker’s subjective evaluation of relevant events.Therefore,the pragmatic motivation of the high frequency usage of passive sentences in adverbial and attributive clauses should not be ignored in the teaching process.Furthermore students should be actively guided to output attributive clauses and to use“noda”form for expressing subjective judgment,and teachers should actively intervene and correct learners’errors such as expressing attribute state with“ta”and marking agent with“ha”or“ga”.

关 键 词：口语语料 出现位置 状语从句 定语从句 偏误分析 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]