女子足球运动生物学特征研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect on Sports Biological Profile of Female Football Players

作　　者：李啸天 李叶梓 何伟黎 李浩 龙斌[1] LI Xiaotian;LI Yezi;HE Weili(School of Sport Training,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;Dept.of P.E.,Central South Univ.,Changsha 410083,China;School of Sports and Arts,Hunan Univ.of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中南大学体育教研部,湖南长沙410083 [3]湖南中医药大学体育艺术学院,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2023年第2期74-83,共10页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY102);湖南省体育局竞技体育重点项目(2022WT-14)。

摘　　要：从女子足球运动员形态学特征、生理学特征、女性三联征、女足比赛的运动学特征和生理学特征五个方面对女子足球运动生物学特征进行研究综述。研究显示:(1)世界精英级女足球员近20年身体形态特征变化不大,总体呈现身材高、体重大、体脂率低的特点;(2)足球作为间歇性运动项目,日益激烈的对抗对女足球员的速度、耐力及下肢爆发力提出了更高要求,对女子足球运动员的训练应重视三联征对其运动表现的影响;(3)女足球员总跑动距离在7.68~10.44 km,高速跑动距离在0.35~2.46 km,冲刺距离在28.8~460 m,高强度跑动能力是衡量球员专项成绩的关键指标;(4)比赛过程中的生理学特征研究较少,有限的结果因球员的竞技水平和位置角色不同而有所差异。未来研究应加强对女子足球的运动生物学特征研究,提高女子足球科学化训练竞赛水平。An overview from female football players’morphological and physiological characteristics,the female athlete trilogy,the kinematics and physiological characteristics of the women’s football matches showed that the elite female football players in the world did not undergo much physiological changes in the past 20 years,and were generally tall,heavy,and low in body fat.As an intermittent exercise,the increasingly fierce football competitions put higher requirements on the speed,endurance and lower limb explosive power of the female football players,and the influence of female athlete trilogy on their athletic performance should be paid attention to in the training of these players.Fiercer competitions required stronger physical abilities of the female football players.The total running distance of the female football players was between 7.68 km and 10.44 km,the high-speed running distance between 0.35 km and 2.46 km,and the sprint distance between 28.8 m and 460 m.High-intensity running ability was the key indicator to measure the players’specific performance.There were few studies on physiological characteristics in competition,and the results varied with the players’competitive abilities and play positions.Hence,more efforts should be done to study the kinesiology characteristics of the women’s football team in the future so that they could achieve better results in competitions by receiving training in a more scientific way.

关 键 词：女子足球 运动生物学 形态学 生理学 运动学 女运动员三联征 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]