径向转向架研究综述  

Research Review on Radial Bogies

作　　者：冯明 FENG Ming(Technical Department of Chongqing Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市铁路集团有限公司技术部,重庆401120

出　　处：《智慧轨道交通》2023年第1期29-34,43,共7页SMART RAIL TRANSIT

摘　　要：传统的机车车辆在通过中小半径曲线时,存在着轮缘贴靠导向和轮轨磨耗严重、能耗高、轮轨横向力大以及噪声过大的缺点。国内外研究和应用表明,采用径向转向架是解决上述问题的有效手段。本文重点介绍了自导向、迫导向和主动导向径向转向架的原理、研制背景、主要应用情况。作者总结了三种径向转向架的主要优缺点,认为自导向径向转向架结构简单,不会出现过导向故障,但在小半径曲线上的径向效果不显著;迫导向径向转向架结构相对复杂,但小半径曲线上的曲线通过性能和安全性良好,而在中等半径曲线上的径向效果略显不足;主动径向转向架在任意中小半径曲线上的曲线通过性能均达良好。但是系统复杂、成本高,且会出现过导向故障。从应用上而言,作者认为客车采用自导向径向结构类型的偏少些,迫导向径向转向架在日本得到了大量的应用,在多条线路上采用了不同结构的迫导向转向架,在曲线通过性能、长期运行稳定性和运行安全可靠性等方面均经受住了长期运营考验,是比较成熟的径向转向架类型。主动径向转向架虽然起步较晚,但由于能适用任意中小半径曲线,随着主动控制技术的发展,主动径向转向架必将成为径向转向架的一个主要发展方向。When the traditional rolling stock passes through medium and small radius curves,there are some shortcomings,such as wheel flange close guidance,serious wheel rail wear,high energy consumption,large wheel rail lateral force and excessive noise.Research and application at home and abroad show that radial bogie is an effective means to solve the above problems.This paper mainly introduces the principle,development background and main application of self steering,forced steering and active steering radial bogies.The author summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of three types of radial bogies,and considers that the self steering radial bogie is simple in structure and will not have over steering failure,but its radial effect on small radius curves is not significant;The structure of forced steering radial bogie is relatively complex,but the curve negotiation performance and safety on small radius curves are good,while the radial effect on medium radius curves is slightly insufficient;The active radial bogie has good curve negotiation performance on any medium and small radius curve.However,the system is complex,high cost,and there will be guided failures.In terms of application,the author thinks that the passenger cars adopt less self steering radial structure types,and forced steering radial bogies have been widely used in Japan.Forced steering bogies with different structures have been used on multiple lines,which have withstood long-term operation tests in terms of curve negotiation performance,long-term operation stability,operation safety and reliability,and are relatively mature radial bogies.Although the active radial bogie started late,it can adapt to any medium and small radius curve.With the development of active control technology,the active radial bogie will become a major development direction of the radial bogie.

关 键 词：轮缘磨耗 轮缘贴靠导向 自导向径向转向架 迫导向径向转向架 主动导向径向转向架 轮轨冲角 横压 蠕滑力 

分 类 号：U260.331[机械工程—车辆工程]