静电压痕仪检验光敏印章伪造指印初探  

Application of ESDA into Examining Forged Fingerprints from Photosensitive Seal:A Preliminary Study

作　　者：余梦娜 吕昱帆[1] 秦旗 刘寰 YU Mengna;Lü Yufan;QIN Qi;LIU Huan(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,100038,China;Hubei University of Police,Wuhan 430034,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038 [2]湖北警官学院,武汉430034

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第1期23-31,共9页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021JB023)。

摘　　要：研究利用静电压痕仪检验光敏印章伪造指印的可行性,探究光敏印章伪造指印与手指遗留指印的静电压痕检验结果差异。以同一枚指纹为模板,分别制作8种不同光敏印油的盖、捺印指印样本及8种不同印台印油的捺印样本,用静电压痕仪对遗留5 d样本的正反面进行检验,并初步考察不同遗留时间(最长30 d)对检验结果的影响。结果表明:1)光敏印油捺印样本正面经静电压痕检验后,形成的痕迹对指印纹线的表现能力强于光敏印章盖印样本,但弱于印台印油捺印样本;2)静电压痕仪检验后的部分印台印油捺印指印,形成了超出红色印油范围的黑色补充纹线;3)光敏印油盖、捺印样本经静电压痕仪检验后,印痕周围均出现光晕状痕迹;4)静电压痕仪检验后,少数光敏印章盖印指印周围出现不完整章面印痕;5)对样本背面进行静电压痕检验,光敏印油盖、捺印样本均可显现出明显指印印痕,且边缘出现明显光晕状痕迹,印台印油捺印样本背面痕迹不明显;6)样本遗留30 d时,仍然能够依据上述5条实验现象对三类样本进行区分。静电压痕检验一定程度上能作为纸张上光敏印章伪造指印的有效检验方法之一,但还需就遗留时间、印油种类、盖印/捺印力度、章体新旧程度等因素对检验结果的影响进行系统考察。This article tries to seek the feasibility of electrostatic detection apparatus(ESDA)to examine the forged fingerprints from photosensitive seal,meanwhile to probe into the differences between the ESDA-rendered impressions from both the photosensitive-seal fingerprints and genuine ones.With the same one fingerprint,eight different kinds of both the photosensitive printing and stamp-pad ink were utilized to respectively make photosensitive seal and genuine samples of fingerprint.Targeting to the fingerprint samples having left for 5 days,ESDA was adopted to examine the samples’front and back surfaces,along with the effects of fingerprints aging(longest depositing time:30 days)being observed on examined results.For the front surface,discoveries showed that:1)compared against the fingerprints left by seals,genuine fingerprints had clearer friction ridges demonstrated by ESDA in photosensitive polymer ink and the clearest in stamp-pad ink;2)some genuine fingerprints had some black ridges appeared beyond their original red ESDA-rendered fingerprints in stamp-pad ink;3)halo effect emerged around the fingerprints left by both the seals and the genuine in photosensitive polymer ink;4)incomplete seal-impressions were revealed around the ESDA-rendered fingerprints with some photosensitive-seal samples.For the back surface,the results displayed that obvious impressions of fingerprints were left from both the seals and finger in photosensitive polymer ink,with the opposite behavior turning out for the samples in stamp-pad ink.Anyway,differentiation was still able to put up between the photosensitive-seal fingerprints and genuine ones even the samples were left for 30 days according to the phenomena above.ESDA examination is validated to be an effective choice to detect the photosensitive-seal fingerprints left on paper.Certainly,necessary considerations should be systematically paid to the infl uential factors including the duration of fingerprints left,stamping/printing pressure,type of printing ink and the age of seals.

关 键 词：静电压痕仪(ESDA) 光敏印章 伪造指印检验 光敏印油 印台印油 

分 类 号：DF794.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]