马克思主义异化论视域下人工智能的“人文困境”与反思  

The"Humanistic Dilemma"and reflection of artificial intelligence from the perspective of Marxist theory of alienation

作　　者：张海涛 周桃顺 ZHANG Haitao;ZHOU Taoshun(School of Marxism,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学马克思主义学院,西安710065

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期96-102,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：陕西省社科基金项目(2022A013);陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目(20022ND0204);西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划资助项目(YCS21213265)。

摘　　要：人工智能技术的资本主义应用,既造成了人机边界的模糊、算法偏见的盛行、价值鸿沟的扩大和权责归属的争议等问题,又造成了人的主体性困境,即技术物化对人能力的“殖民化”和对人本质的异化,工具理性对人理性完整性的解构,以及主体信息的去隐私化抑或透明化。从马克思主义异化论视域来剖析人工智能引发“人文困境”的根源,可以从两方面入手:一,从演化到进化的视角,揭示人们对人工智能这一新事物认识的矛盾;二,通过对技术理性“合理化”的批判和数字资本剥削本性的揭露,阐明人的种种异化归根结底摆脱不了资本主义的束缚和羁绊。总之,意欲消解人工智能引发的“人文困境”,既要坚持技术理性与价值理性的统一,构建完备的伦理准则和道德规范,又要发挥人的主观能动性,坚持技术向善和技术求真。在人同智能技术的共处中,自觉塑造自我主体地位,发挥人的主观能动性,牢牢将人工智能掌握在无产阶级和人民群众手中。The capitalist application of artificial intelligence technology has not only caused problems such as the blurring of human-machine boundaries,the prevalence of algorithmic bias,the expansion of the value gap and the controversy over the ownership of rights and responsibilities,but also caused the dilemma of human subjectivity,that is,the"colonization"of human ability and the alienation of human essence by technological materialization,the deconstruction of human rationality by instrumental rationality,and the de-privacy or transparency of subject information.To analyze the root cause of artificial intelligence from the perspective of Marxist alienation theory,we can start from two aspects:First,from the perspective of evolvement to evolution,the contradiction of people′s understanding of artificial intelligence as a new thing can be revealed;second,through the criticism of the"rationalization"of technological rationality and the exposure of the exploitative nature of digital capital,it is clarified that the alienation of human beings cannot be freed from the shackles of capitalism in the final analysis.In short,to dissolve the"humanistic dilemma"caused by artificial intelligence,we should not only adhere to the unity of technical rationality and value rationality and build a complete ethical code and moral norm,but also give play to people′s subjective initiative and adhere to technology for good and technology to seek truth.In the coexistence of people and intelligent technology,we should consciously shape the status of self-subjectivity,give play to the subjective initiative of people,and firmly grasp artificial intelligence in the hands of the proletariat and the masses of the people.

关 键 词：人工智能 主体性 异化 技术理性 马克思主义 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]