清末民初地理教科书的历史嬗变与镜鉴价值  

The Historical Evolution and the Reference Value of Geography Textbooks in the Late Qing and Republican Periods

作　　者：艾昕 段玉山[1,2] 牛超 AI Xin;DUAN Yushan;NIU Chao

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [2]中国教育学会地理教学专业委员会 [3]河南师范大学教育学部

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（基础教育版）》2023年第2期74-80,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Elementary Education Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国百年教科书整理与研究”子课题“百年中学地理教科书的变迁研究”(10&ZD095)。

摘　　要：将清末民初的98本近代中小学地理教科书汇编整理,编纂划分为地理学家主导的自编地理教科书、留学生编引的外文地理教科书以及新式出版机构组织的编印地理教科书三大流派。研究发现:清末民初地理教科书兼具启迪科学民主的先进性与囿于封建保守的桎梏性。其积极性体现在,建构地理学科知识体系,培养科学理性思维与地理基础技能,普及世界科学进展与启蒙民主思想,激发民族意识与爱国主义;其弊病为受地理方志影响、学科界限不明,知识性错误频现,科学性仍然不足。将地理教科书的研究置于百年前的宏观历史背景中,为当代地理教科书的建设提供启示:以地理课程目标作为教科书的编写指向,彰显地理课程育人价值;组建多层次的编写团队,构建多样化的编写模式;以乡土地理为切入点提升文化自信。In this paper,98 modern primary and secondary school geography textbooks from the late Qing Dynasty are compiled and divided into three main categories: self-published textbooks led by subject experts,printed textbooks organised by new publishing institutions and foreign-language geography textbooks translated by foreign students. Moreover, the paper analyses the progressiveness of science and democracy and the shackles of feudalism and conservatism, taking into account the social trends, the nature of the regime, the cultural traditions and the mentality of the people of a particular period. Furthermore, the study of geography textbooks is placed in the macro-historical context of a hundred years ago and combined with dynamic and open qualitative analysis, that provides a mirror for contemporary geography textbook construction. Especially, the geography curriculum standards are supposed to be considered as the orientations of geography textbooks writing, that highlights the values of geography curriculum. It is essential to conduct a multi-lerel team in order to promote the diversification. Meanwhile, the rural geography editing can be regards as the entry point to bolster cultural selfconfidence and identity.

关 键 词：清末民初 地理教科书 历史嬗变 镜鉴价值 

分 类 号：G633.55[文化科学—教育学]