蛋粉对克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉营养成分和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of egg product on growth performance, muscle nutrients, and intestinal microflora of Procambarus clarkii

作　　者：肖文富 胡兵 崔学海 曹曼霞 姚海行 李鹏 喻丽娟[2] 袁汉文[1] 郜卫华[1] 田娟 XIAO Wenfu;HU Bing;CUI Xuehai;CAO Manxia;YAO Haihang;LI Peng;YU Lijuan;YUAN Hanwen;GAO Weihua;TIAN Juan(Yangtze University/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Jingzhou 434024,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd./Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed,Fuqing 350308,China;North American Renderers Association Asia Regional Office,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点试验室,湖北荆州434024 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北武汉430223 [3]福建天马科技集团股份有限公司/福建省特种水产配合饲料重点实验室,福建福清350308 [4]北美动物蛋白油脂炼得行业协会,中国香港999077

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2023年第1期116-127,共12页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：福建省特种水产配合饲料重点实验室开放课题资助(TMKJZ2106);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2022XT01);通威股份有限公司产学研合作项目(TW2018I001,2011259);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放课题(KFT202003,KFT202102)。

摘　　要：为评估蛋粉在克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)饲料中的应用效果,使用喷雾干燥蛋粉等蛋白替代0%(CON)、25%(R1)、50%(R2)、75%(R3)和100%(R4)鱼粉,饲喂幼虾[初始平均体质量(9.02±0.12) g] 6周。结果显示,各组间特定生长率、饲料系数、摄食率、成活率和肝体比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),R4组体质量增长率较CON组显著降低(P<0.05)。R4组肌肉粗蛋白、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),R2、R3和R4组肌肉粗脂肪和灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),各组肌肉中水解氨基酸含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。蛋粉添加组肠道蛋白酶活性显著升高,淀粉酶活性显著降低,R3和R4组肠道脂肪酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)。R2、R3和R4组血清碱性磷酸酶活性以及总蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。R3组肠道梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)和溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)细菌丰度显著升高,R4组链球菌属(Streptococcus)丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,当克氏原螯虾饲料含6%鱼粉时,蛋粉可替代75%鱼粉。To evaluate the application effect of spray-dried egg product in the diet of Procambarus clarkii, we formulated five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing 0%(Control group), 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0% and 8.0% spray-dried egg product,which replaced 0%(CON), 25%(R1), 50%(R2), 75%(R3) and 100%(R4) fishmeal, respectively, to feed the shrimps [Initial body mass(9.02±0.12) g] for six weeks. The results show that there were no significant differences in the specific growth rate,feed conversion ratio, feeding rate, survival rate and hepatosomatic index among all the groups(P>0.05). The weight gain rate in R4 group decreased significantly compared with the CON group(P<0.05). The contents of crude protein, essential amino acid and total amino acid in abdominal muscle in R4 group increased significantly compared with the CON group(P<0.05). The contents of crude fat and ash in muscle in R2, R3 and R4 groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of 17 hydrolyzed amino acids in muscle among all the groups(P>0.05). Compared with the CON group, the intestinal protease activities increased significantly but the amylase activities decreased significantly in egg product supplementation groups, and the intestinal lipase activity increased significantly in R3 and R4 groups(P<0.05). The serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein content in R2, R3 and R4 groups increased significantly than those in the CON group(P<0.05). The bacterial abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto and Lysobacter in R3 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, while the bacterial abundance of Streptococcus in R4 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05). In conclusion, when the diet of P. clarkii contains 6% fishmeal, the spraydried egg product can replace 75% fishmeal.

关 键 词：克氏原螯虾 喷雾干燥蛋粉 肠道微生物 免疫力 生长 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]