论语录体小说  

Research on Quotation-Style Novels

作　　者：万晴川 Wan Qingchuan

机构地区：[1]三江学院文学与新闻传播学院 [2]扬州大学文学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2022年第4期47-57,共11页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“语录类文献整理与儒家话语体系建构及传承的研究”(20&ZD265)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《论语》建构了相对成熟的语体表述模式,是后世语录体的鼻祖。在古人小说“子书流也”观念影响下,形成了一种“语录体”小说。主要呈现为三种类型:一是“世说体”小说,由《论语》记录现场教学,变为载记名士的妙言隽语和风流韵事,不再是道德意义上的“善言”;二是“诗话体”小说,主要记载诗人故事和诗歌的本事及学者的诗学观点,后来又演变成中长篇诗话体小说,展现主人公的急智辩才;三是以《东坡问答》《济颠禅师语录》《王阳明出身靖乱录》为代表的“哲人语录体”小说,承袭诗话体小说表现主人公天纵奇才的特点,但风格流为调笑、幽默、嘲谑的娱乐化效果,多记附会虚构之说。不管语录体小说如何变化,其精言妙语的语言性质一以贯之。语录体小说演变的过程,是小说观念不断进步、小说文体逐渐完善的反映。The Analects of Confucius constructed a relatively mature stylistic expression method that served as the originator of the later quotation style.Under the ancients’ conception of novels as sub-books,a sort of “quotation style” novel was formed.Generally,there are three sorts.One is the “Shi Shuo-style” novel,which has transformed from being the reflection of on-site teaching in The Analects of Confucius to the record of witty sayings and romantic affairs of celebrities,no longer “kind words” in the moral sense.The second is the “poetic style” novel,which mainly records the tales of poets,the original stories of poetry and the poetic viewpoints of scholars.This kind of novel later evolved into poetic novels of medium and long length,highlighting the hero’s quick wit and eloquence.The third is the “philosopher’s quotation” novel represented by the Dongpo Question and Answer,Crazy Ji Zen Master’s Lectures,and Biography of Wang Yangming and His Experience of Quelling Revolts,which inherits the characteristics of the hero’s genius in poetic novels,but the style changed into the entertainment effect of teasing,humor and ridicule,with more records attached to fiction.No matter how the “quotation style” novel changes,the language nature of its refined words and witticisms is consistent.The evolution of “quotation style” novels reflects the continuous progress of novel concepts and the gradual improvement of novel styles.

关 键 词：论语 语录体小说 演变过程 

分 类 号：I242[文学—中国文学]