苏东坡《洪范》学中的天人政治观  

The Political View of Heaven and Man in Su Dongpo's Hong Fan(洪范)Study

作　　者：杜艳 DU Yan(Department of Philosophy,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2022年第4期53-65,共13页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：东坡《洪范》学中的天人政治观极具特色。君子通天道以助民,被他概括为《洪范》天人政治学的主题。而通晓天道治理庶民的奥秘在于,以五行为核心形成的天人常类系统。天与人类属关联,气运相通,因而可由此知彼、由此治彼。在天人之治中,“五事”具有战略性的地位,它是由凡入圣的渠道,又是圣人因天治人、由人治天的根据与立足点。天人之治的运行秩序如同岁、月、日一样,互不侵扰、井然有序。这个模式被称为“无为德政”——君逸臣劳,王功由臣职运行劳作汇成。臣职的运行与劳作至关重要,因而东坡又强调君王应当以宽大简易的皇极之道选贤任能。东坡的天人政治观合于传统儒家而不守旧,博采诸家落脚实际人情,强调在天人之际人的主体地位与作用。The political view of heaven and man in Dongpo's Hong Fan study is very distinctive.Dongpo(东坡)believes that the theme of Hong Fan is that a gentleman can understand the heaven and help the people.The fundamental secret of knowing the heaven and helping the people lies in the common system formed by the five elements(五行).Heaven and human beings are connected,so we can know or govern the one from the other.So the“five things”(五事)have a strategic position in this theory,for they are the channels for ordinary persons to become saints,and also the basis and foothold for saints to manage people by heaven or manage sky's change by man.The best operation order of the rule of heaven and man is the orderly“work of the officials and the monarchs”model,which is like the year,month and day without interference with each other-the king does the outline,and his concrete work is finished by the officials.The operation and labor of the officials are very important,so Dongpo emphasized that the king should select the talents and appoint the ability with a broad and simple way.Dongpo's political view of heaven and man is in line with the traditional Confucianism but not conservative.It draws on various schools􀆳theories,and emphasizes people's actual situation and human's dominate role and function in the time of heaven and man.

关 键 词：洪范 天人相类 五事 五纪 皇极之道 

分 类 号：B244.99[哲学宗教—中国哲学]